Steroid Endocrinology after the Menopause: A Review

Hutton, J D; Jacobs, Howard S.; James, V. H. T.

doi:10.1177/014107687907201109

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The occurrence of VMS coincides in most women with the decline of endogenous estrogen, most notably estradiol (E2), and a rise in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) during midlife. 7 8 . Race/ethnicity, obesity, negative affect, socioeconomic status, and health status, 5,6,9 are associated with the likelihood of reporting VMS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the trajectories of vasomotor symptoms across the menopausal transition

et al. 2016

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Objective To investigate the heterogeneity of temporal patterns of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) over the menopausal transition and to identify factors associated with these patterns in a diverse sample of women. Methods The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation is a multi-site longitudinal study of women from five racial/ethnic groups transitioning through the menopause. The analytic sample included 1455 women with non-surgical menopause and a median follow-up of 15.4 years. Temporal patterns of VMS and associations with serum estradiol and follicle stimulation hormone, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), and demographic and psychosocial factors were examined using group-based trajectory modeling. Results Four distinct trajectories of VMS were found: onset early (11 years prior to the final menstrual period (FMP)) with decline after menopause (Early onset, 18.4%); onset near the FMP with later decline (Late onset, 29.0%), onset early with persistently high frequency (High, 25.6%); and persistently low frequency (Low, 27.0%). Relative to women with persistently Low frequency of VMS, women with persistently High and Early onset VMS had a more adverse psychosocial and health profile. Black women were overrepresented in the Late onset and High VMS subgroups relative to white women. Obese women were underrepresented in the Late onset subgroup. In multivariable models, the pattern of estradiol over the menopause was significantly associated with the VMS trajectory. Conclusions These data demonstrate distinctly heterogeneous patterns of menopausal symptoms which are associated with race/ethnicity, reproductive hormones, pre-menopause BMI and psychosocial characteristics. Early targeted intervention may have a meaningful impact on long-term VMS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the trajectories of vasomotor symptoms across the menopausal transition

et al. 2016

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“…Assessment of oestrogenic status in an individual subject is difficult since plasma oestrogen levels vary greatly from minute to minute [6,7], Some authors have attempted to overcome this problem by taking several successive blood samples [7][8][9][10]. An alterna tive approach to the assessment of mean plasma oestrogen levels is the analysis of urine samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Oestrogen Excretion after the Menopause in Relation to Age and Body Mass

Mole

Rae²,

Paterson³

1989

Ann Nutr Metab

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We have measured urinary excretion of free immunoreactive oestrone and oestradiol and their respective glucuronides in relation to creatinine in early morning samples in 132 fit, active postmenopausal women. None of the oestrogen/creatinine ratios was significantly correlated either with age or with years since menopause. However, we did demonstrate significant positive correlations between the levels of all four oestrogens and the body mass index, weight and fat mass. These results are similar to those obtained by other workers for plasma or serum oestrogen levels. Since assessment of oestrogenic status from plasma or serum may call for several samples to allow for the rapid minute-to-minute variation in levels, urinary oestrogen assays as described may provide a valuable non-invasive measurement of oestrogenic status. Such measurements may have a place in the identification of women at greater risk of developing symptomatic osteoporosis in later life.

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“…Highly elevated serum concentrations of FSH and LH are usually characteristic of women in the postmenopausal period [4,19]. A similar but considerably less dramatic, age-related increase, also occurs in men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that older men have higher peripheral oestrogen concentrations than postmenopausal women, this being explained by the testicular contribution of 17[3-oestradiol, as well as peripheral aromatization of androgens [7,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex hormones and immune dysregulation in multiple myeloma

Everaus

Lehtmaa

1993

Cancer Immunol Immunother

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A group of 49 multiple myeloma patients, 20 men and 29 women, were evaluated. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17 beta-oestradiol (E) and testosterone (T) serum concentrations have been detected by radioimmunoassay. Peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (ConA), recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and dextran sulphate (DxS) was investigated. Our findings provide evidence for two different patterns of sex hormone changes and immune dysfunctions presented differently by male and female multiple myeloma patients. In men increased FSH, LH and E concentrations and an augmented E to T ratio were associated with decreased lymphocyte blastogenic response to PHA, ConA and increased proliferation to rIL-2 and DxS. Female patients with multiple myeloma demonstrated normal values of FSH, LH and T, but a diminished E level and decreased E to T ratio correlated with a lymphocyte normal response to PHA and ConA and augmented blastogenesis to IL-2 and DxS. Our data, while admittedly preliminary, suffice to provide an indication of sex hormone changes in multiple myeloma patients, which could be responsible, at least in part, for the immune dysfunction observed in multiple myeloma.

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Steroid Endocrinology after the Menopause: A Review

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Characterizing the trajectories of vasomotor symptoms across the menopausal transition

Characterizing the trajectories of vasomotor symptoms across the menopausal transition

Urinary Oestrogen Excretion after the Menopause in Relation to Age and Body Mass

Sex hormones and immune dysregulation in multiple myeloma

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