Steroid Hormone Receptors: Links With Cell Cycle Machinery and Breast Cancer Progression

Saha, Suryendu; Dey, Samya; Nath, Somsubhra

doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.620214

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Steroid hormones are an important class of regulatory molecules, which are synthesized mainly in the adrenal glands, the ovary, and the testis, in response to steroidogenic stimuli, and regulate growth and drive a variety of physiological processes, such as reproduction and metabolism [1]. The importance of steroid hormones are evident from their wide-ranging essential functions in the body physiology, including carbohydrate metabolism, stress response, and in the regulation of salt balance pertaining to the maintenance of blood pressure by adrenal corticoids to the role of sex steroid hormones in males and females in the development of secondary sex characteristics, maintenance of reproductive functions, and perpetuation of life, as well as an essential role of progesterone for a successful pregnancy [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Expanding Role of Mitochondria, Autophagy and Lipophagy in Steroidogenesis

Bassi

Sidhu

Mishra

2021

Cells

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The fundamental framework of steroidogenesis is similar across steroidogenic cells, especially in initial mitochondrial steps. For instance, the START domain containing protein-mediated cholesterol transport to the mitochondria, and its conversion to pregnenolone by the enzyme P450scc, is conserved across steroidogenic cells. The enzyme P450scc localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane, which makes the mitochondria essential for steroidogenesis. Despite this commonality, mitochondrial structure, number, and dynamics vary substantially between different steroidogenic cell types, indicating implications beyond pregnenolone biosynthesis. This review aims to focus on the growing roles of mitochondria, autophagy and lipophagy in cholesterol uptake, trafficking and homeostasis in steroidogenic cells and consequently in steroidogenesis. We will focus on these aspects in the context of the physiological need for different steroid hormones and cell-intrinsic inherent features in different steroidogenic cell types beyond mitochondria as a mere site for the beginning of steroidogenesis. The overall goal is to provide an authentic and comprehensive review on the expanding role of steroidogenic cell-intrinsic processes in cholesterol homeostasis and steroidogenesis, and to bring attention to the scientific community working in this field on these promising advancements. Moreover, we will discuss a novel mitochondrial player, prohibitin, and its potential role in steroidogenic mitochondria and cells, and consequently, in steroidogenesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Expanding Role of Mitochondria, Autophagy and Lipophagy in Steroidogenesis

Bassi

Sidhu

Mishra

2021

Cells

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“…Differences in outcome of disease are, however, restricted to ER+ tumors. Therefore, this unknown tumor property might be connected via estrogen hormone receptors with genes involved in the regulation of cell proliferation (36,37) or mitotic checkpoint genes such as BubR1 (38). The independence of the reaction of the lymph node status points to the significance of the early hematogenous metastatic spread of tumor cells, which is different from that to the regional lymph nodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 at the First Cycle of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Predicts Outcome of Disease in Estrogen-receptor-positive Breast Cancer

Tribukait¹

2021

Preprint

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Complete pathologic response (pCR) predicts the long-term outcome of neoadjuvant treated (NAC) breast cancer (BC) but is reached in <10% of hormone-receptor-positive patients. Biomarkers able to guide adjustment or interruption of an ineffective therapy are desired. Here, we evaluated whether shifts in the serum concentration of thymidine kinase 1 (sTK1) during NAC could be utilized as a biomarker. In the PROMIX trial, women with localized HER2- BC received neoadjuvant epirubicin/docetaxel in six cycles. sTK1 was measured with an ELISA in 54 patients at cycles 1-4 and in a total of 131 patients before and 48h after cycle 1. The prognostic significance of the results was evaluated by log-rank tests of Kaplan–Meier estimates. Treatment resulted in a 2-fold increase of sTK1 before and 3-fold increase 48h after the cycles, except for the first cycle, where half of patients reacted with a decrease (post/pre sTK1- ratio <1.12) and the other half reacted with an increase (ratio >1.12). OS rates in ER+ patients with ratios of >1.12 and <1.12 were 97.7% and 78% (p=0.005), respectively, and DFS rates were 90.7% and 68% (p=0.006), respectively. Thus, response of sTK1 at the first cycle of chemotherapy could be used both as an early biomarker for guidance of chemotherapy and for the study of inherent tumor chemo-sensitivity, which could predict long-term outcome prior to therapy.

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“…Differences in the outcome of the disease are, however, restricted to ER+ tumors. Therefore, this unknown tumor property might be connected via estrogen hormone receptors with genes involved in the regulation of cell proliferation [ 34 , 35 ] or mitotic checkpoint genes such as BubR1 [ 36 ]. The independence of the reaction of the lymph node status points to the significance of the early hematogenous metastatic spread of tumor cells, which is different from that to the regional lymph nodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 at the First Cycle of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Predicts Outcome of Disease in Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer

Tribukait

2021

Cancers

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Pathologic complete response (pCR) predicts the long-term outcome of neoadjuvantly treated (NAC) breast cancer (BC) but is reached in <10% of hormone-receptor-positive patients. Biomarkers enabling adjustment or interruption of an ineffective therapy are desired. Here, we evaluated whether changes in the serum concentration of thymidine kinase 1 (sTK1) during NAC could be utilized as a biomarker. In the PROMIX trial, women with localized HER2- BC received neoadjuvant epirubicin/docetaxel in six cycles. sTK1 was measured with an ELISA in 54 patients at cycles 1–4 and in an additional 77 patients before and 48 h after treatment 1. Treatment resulted in a 2-fold increase of sTK1 before and a 3-fold increase 48 h after the cycles, except for the first cycle, where half of the patients reacted with a significant decrease and the other half with an increase of sTK1. In Kaplan–Meier estimates of ER+ patients divided by the median of the post/pre-treatment sTK1 ratio at the first treatment cycle, OS was 97.7% and 78% (p = 0.005), and DFS was 90.7% and 68% (p = 0.006), respectively. Thus, the response of sTK1 at the first cycle of chemotherapy could be used both as an early biomarker for the guidance of chemotherapy and for the study of inherent tumor chemo-sensitivity, which could predict long-term outcome prior to therapy.

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Steroid Hormone Receptors: Links With Cell Cycle Machinery and Breast Cancer Progression

Cited by 39 publications

References 108 publications

The Expanding Role of Mitochondria, Autophagy and Lipophagy in Steroidogenesis

The Expanding Role of Mitochondria, Autophagy and Lipophagy in Steroidogenesis

Dynamics of Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 at the First Cycle of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Predicts Outcome of Disease in Estrogen-receptor-positive Breast Cancer

Dynamics of Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 at the First Cycle of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Predicts Outcome of Disease in Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer

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