Steroidal Saponins from the Genus Smilax and Their Biological Activities

Tian, Liwen; Zhang, Zhen; Long, Hai-Lan; Zhang, Yingjun

doi:10.1007/s13659-017-0139-5

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…4)-[a-L-Rha-(1 ? 2)]-b-D-Glc, is a spirostanol saponin found mostly in Dioscorea species; and also in other genera such as Allium, Polygonatum, and Smilax (Sobolewska et al 2016;Rani et al 2012;Xu et al 2016;Wang et al 2001;Tian et al 2017). Dioscorea nipponica and Dioscorea zingiberensis are especially good sources of dioscin and provide raw material for the synthesis of steroid hormone drugs.…”

Section: Results Of In Vivo Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sapogenins are polycyclic 27-C-compounds which can be divided into three distinct groups: spirostane, furostane, and open-chain (cholestane) compounds (Challinor and De Voss 2013). Some authors distinguish iso-spirostane-type saponins-possessing an equatorial oriented (hydroxy)methyl on F ring versus spirostane-type with an axial oriented C-27 group (Tian et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several papers that discussed biological activities of compounds found in a particular genus, like e.g. Allium or Smilax, (Sobolewska et al 2016;Tian et al 2017), referred also to their cytotoxic effects, but there are virtually none reviews focused entirely on this activity despite a growing number of reports with experimental data. Some more general aspects were tackled by Xu et al (2016) who discussed anticancer saponins from Chinese plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Saponins as cytotoxic agents: an update (2010–2018). Part I—steroidal saponins

et al. 2020

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Steroidal saponins are a group of glycosides widely distributed among monocotyledonous families. They exert a wide spectrum of biological effects including cytotoxic and antitumor properties which are the most studied. This review is an update of our previous paper-Saponins as cytotoxic agents (Podolak et al. in Phytochem Rev 9:425-474, 2010) and covers studies that were since published (2010-2018). In this paper we refer to steroidal saponins presenting results of cytotoxicity studies, mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships.

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Section: Results Of In Vivo Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Saponins as cytotoxic agents: an update (2010–2018). Part I—steroidal saponins

et al. 2020

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“…Research by Careaga et al [97] and Bahrami and Franco [98] showed that acetylated triterpene glycosides have induction of caspase, antiproliferative, apoptosis, hemolytic, cytotoxicity, anticancer, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. While saponins have demonstrated antiviral, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-ulcer, antibacterial, hypoglycemic, anti-fertility, anticancer, antimalarial, anthelmintic, and antioxidant activities [99][100][101][102][103].…”

Section: Phytochemistry Of C Paniculatamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Botany, Therapeutic Value, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Cussonia Paniculata

Maroyi

2019

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Cussonia paniculata is a small tree widely used as herbal medicine throughout its distributional range in southern Africa. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of the botany, biological activities, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of C. paniculata. Documented information on the botany, biological activities, medicinal uses, and phytochemistry of C. paniculata was collected from several online sources which included BMC, Scopus, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Elsevier, PubMed, and Web of Science. Additional information on the botany, biological activities, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of C. paniculata was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles, and scientific publications sourced from the University library. This study showed that the bark, fruits, leaves, roots, and stems of C. paniculata are used as emetic, immune booster, and herbal medicine for dysmenorrhea, intestinal parasites and worms, mental problems, boils, shingles and skin diseases, indigestion and stomach complaints, sores, and wounds. Phytochemical compounds identified from the leaves of C. paniculata include acetylated triterpene glycosides, unacetylated triterpene glycosides, flavonoid, steroidal saponin, and triterpenoid saponins. Pharmacological research revealed that C. paniculata extracts have analgesic, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antiprotozoan, Aβ42 protein reduction, and cytotoxicity activities. Future research should focus on evaluating the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of C. paniculata crude extracts as well as compounds isolated from the species.

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“…The hydrophobic (fat-soluble) aglycone moiety, which is also called sapogenin, is either a steroid (C–27) or a triterpene (C–30) [ 2 ]. Steroidal saponin are typically contain 27 carbon atoms forming the core: Spirostan and furostan structures, which are predominantly found in monocotyledons (such as Liliaceae, Smilax, or Dioscorea ) [ 1 , 3 , 4 ]. In contrast, triterpenoid saponins are common metabolites in secondary dicotyledons (such as Leguminosae, or Panax ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Ginsenoside Profiles Produced by Various Processing Technologies

et al. 2020

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Ginseng is a traditional medicinal herb commonly consumed world-wide owing to its unique family of saponins called ginsenosides. The absorption and bioavailability of ginsenosides mainly depend on an individual’s gastrointestinal bioconversion abilities. There is a need to improve ginseng processing to predictably increase the pharmacologically active of ginsenosides. Various types of ginseng, such as fresh, white, steamed, acid-processed, and fermented ginsengs, are available. The various ginseng processing methods produce a range ginsenoside compositions with diverse pharmacological properties. This review is intended to summarize the properties of the ginsenosides found in different Panax species as well as the different processing methods. The sugar moiety attached to the C–3, C–6, or C–20 deglycosylated to produce minor ginsenosides, such as Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd→Rg3, F2, Rh2; Re, Rf→Rg1, Rg2, F1, Rh1. The malonyl-Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd were demalonylated into ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd by dehydration. Dehydration also produces minor ginsenosides such as Rg3→Rk1, Rg5, Rz1; Rh2→Rk2, Rh3; Rh1→Rh4, Rk3; Rg2→Rg6, F4; Rs3→Rs4, Rs5; Rf→Rg9, Rg10. Acetylation of several ginsenosides may generate acetylated ginsenosides Rg5, Rk1, Rh4, Rk3, Rs4, Rs5, Rs6, and Rs7. Acid processing methods produces Rh1→Rk3, Rh4; Rh2→Rk1, Rg5; Rg3→Rk2, Rh3; Re, Rf, Rg2→F1, Rh1, Rf2, Rf3, Rg6, F4, Rg9. Alkaline produces Rh16, Rh3, Rh1, F4, Rk1, ginsenoslaloside-I, 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rh1-60-acetate, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh19, zingibroside-R1 through hydrolysis, hydration addition reactions, and dehydration. Moreover, biological processing of ginseng generates the minor ginsenosides of Rg3, F2, Rh2, CK, Rh1, Mc, compound O, compound Y through hydrolysis reactions, and synthetic ginsenosides Rd12 and Ia are produced through glycosylation. This review with respect to the properties of particular ginsenosides could serve to increase the utilization of ginseng in agricultural products, food, dietary supplements, health supplements, and medicines, and may also spur future development of novel highly functional ginseng products through a combination of various processing methods.

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Steroidal Saponins from the Genus Smilax and Their Biological Activities

Cited by 39 publications

References 39 publications

Saponins as cytotoxic agents: an update (2010–2018). Part I—steroidal saponins

Saponins as cytotoxic agents: an update (2010–2018). Part I—steroidal saponins

A Review of Botany, Therapeutic Value, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Cussonia Paniculata

Diversity of Ginsenoside Profiles Produced by Various Processing Technologies

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