Steroidogenesis in MA-10 Mouse Leydig Cells Is Altered via Fatty Acid Import into the Mitochondria1

Rone, Malena B.; Midzak, Andrew; Martinez–Arguelles, Daniel B.; Fan, Jinjiang; Ye, Xiaoying; Blonder, Josip; Papadopoulos, Vassilios

doi:10.1095/biolreprod.114.121434

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…104 Each of these has an exclusive set of characteristics and applications, and can be synthesized by either conventional or unconventional methods. An extensive classification of NPs is provided in Figure 1 105–111Figure 1Different approaches to nanomaterial (NM) classification. Abbreviation: NPs, nanoparticles.…”

Section: Different Types Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Green nanotechnology: a review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles — an ecofriendly approach</p>

Ahmad¹,

Munir²,

Zeb³

et al. 2019

IJN

457

178

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Background: Nanotechnology explores a variety of promising approaches in the area of material sciences on a molecular level, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of leading interest in the present scenario. This review is a comprehensive contribution in the field of green synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of AgNPs using different biological sources. Methods: Biosynthesis of AgNPs can be accomplished by physical, chemical, and green synthesis; however, synthesis via biological precursors has shown remarkable outcomes. In available reported data, these entities are used as reducing agents where the synthesized NPs are characterized by ultraviolet-visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Results: Modulation of metals to a nanoscale drastically changes their chemical, physical, and optical properties, and is exploited further via antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, and cardioprotective activities. Results showed excellent growth inhibition of the microorganism. Conclusion: Novel outcomes of green synthesis in the field of nanotechnology are appreciable where the synthesis and design of NPs have proven potential outcomes in diverse fields. The study of green synthesis can be extended to conduct the in silco and in vitro research to confirm these findings.

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Section: Different Types Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Green nanotechnology: a review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles — an ecofriendly approach</p>

Ahmad¹,

Munir²,

Zeb³

et al. 2019

IJN

457

178

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“…Incubation of primary cultures of rat Leydig cells in the presence of an activator of AMPK, resveratrol, decreases hCG-induced testosterone synthesis by inhibition of P450c17 and StAR ( 91 ). Moreover, it have been demonstrated that metformin decreases the capacity of Leydig cells to secrete progesterone ( 92 ). In rats and cows, the incubation of granulosa cells with metformin also induces a decline in steroid synthesis that is correlated with an increase in AMPK phosphorylation.…”

Section: Metformin and Steroidogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Metformin in Reproductive Biology

et al. 2018

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Initially produced in Europe in 1958, metformin is still one of the most widely prescribed drugs to treat type II diabetes and other comorbidities associated with insulin resistance. Metformin has been shown to improve fertility outcomes in females with insulin resistance associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in obese males with reduced fertility. Metformin treatment reinstates menstrual cyclicity, decreases the incidence of cesareans, and limits the number of premature births. Notably, metformin reduces steroid levels in conditions associated with hyperandrogenism (e.g., PCOS and precocious puberty) in females and improves fertility of adult men with metabolic syndrome through increased testosterone production. While the therapeutical use of metformin is considered to be safe, in the last 10 years some epidemiological studies have described phenotypic differences after prenatal exposure to metformin. The goals of this review are to briefly summarize the current knowledge on metformin focusing on its effects on the female and male reproductive organs, safety concerns, including the potential for modulating fetal imprinting via epigenetics.

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“…This finding strengthens the hypothesis that SCPX and SCP2 are involved in steroidogenesis, since Leydig cells are known to be the steroid-producing cells. Even though we recognize that there are huge differences between normal murine Leydig cells and the MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cell line, the cell line was selected for further study of the subcellular distribution of SCPX and SCP2 because it is a well-established model to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying hormone-dependent Leydig cell steroidogenesis [ 27 , 29 , 44 – 46 ]. Although not much work has been done concerning SCP2 in the MA-10 cell line, a previous study has used the MA-10 cells to study SCP2’s role in steroidogenesis, except that study focused on isolated mitochondria instead of entire cells [ 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterol Carrier Protein-2, a Nonspecific Lipid-Transfer Protein, in Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking in Testicular Leydig Cells

Fan

Papadopoulos

2016

PLoS ONE

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Sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP2), also called nonspecific lipid-transfer protein, is thought to play a major role in intracellular lipid transport and metabolism, and it has been associated with diseases involving abnormalities in lipid trafficking, such as Zellweger syndrome. The Scp2 gene encodes the 58 kDa sterol carrier protein-x (SCPX) and 15 kDa pro-SCP2 proteins, both of which contain a 13 kDa SCP2 domain in their C-termini. We found that 22-NBD-cholesterol, a fluorescent analog of cholesterol and a preferred SCP2 ligands, was not localized in the peroxisomes. This raises questions about previous reports on the localization of the SCPX and SCP2 proteins and their relationship to peroxisomes and mitochondria in intracellular cholesterol transport. Immunofluorescent staining of cryosections of mouse testis and of MA-10 mouse tumor Leydig cells showed that SCPX and SCP2 are present in both mouse testicular interstitial tissue and in MA-10 cells. Fluorescent fusion proteins of SCPX and SCP2, as well as confocal live-cell imaging, were used to investigate the subcellular targeting of these proteins and the function of the putative mitochondrial targeting sequence. The results showed that SCPX and SCP2 are targeted to the peroxisomes by the C-terminal PTS1 domain, but the putative N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence alone is not potent enough to localize SCPX and SCP2 to the mitochondria. Homology modeling and molecular docking studies indicated that the SCP2 domain binds cholesterol, but lacks specificity of the binding and/or transport. These findings further our understanding of the role of SCPX and SCP2 in intracellular cholesterol transport, and present a new point of view on the role of these proteins in cholesterol trafficking.

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Steroidogenesis in MA-10 Mouse Leydig Cells Is Altered via Fatty Acid Import into the Mitochondria1

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

<p>Green nanotechnology: a review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles — an ecofriendly approach</p>

<p>Green nanotechnology: a review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles — an ecofriendly approach</p>

Metformin in Reproductive Biology

Sterol Carrier Protein-2, a Nonspecific Lipid-Transfer Protein, in Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking in Testicular Leydig Cells

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