Steroids: reactions and partial synthesis

Hanson, James R.

doi:10.1039/np9951200567

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

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Steroids

Morgan¹,

Moynihan²

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Steroids are members of a large class of lipid compounds called terpenes that are biogenically derived from the same parent compound, isoprene, C 5 H 8 . Steroids contain or are derived from the perhydro‐1,2‐cyclopentenophenanthrene ring system and are found in a variety of different marine, terrestrial, and synthetic sources. Nonhormonal steroids, eg, sterols and bile acids; vitamin D; and hormonal steroids, eg, the human sex hormones (androgens, estrogens, and progestins) and corticosteroids (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids) play critical roles in the physiology and biochemistry of most living creatures. Other naturally occurring steroids, such as plant steroids, marine steroids, ecdysteroids, cardiac steroids, steroid alkaloids, and steroid antibiotics, have a plethora of biological activities and uses. Many synthetic steroids are the product of pharmaceutical research that has resulted in the development of several steroid‐based medicines with a market value over $10 billion. Among the medicinally important synthetic steroids, are antihormones, anesthetics, antiinflammatories, antiasthmatics, contraceptive drugs, antibiotics, anticancer agents, cardiovascular agents, and osteoporosis drugs.

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Steroids

Morgan¹,

Moynihan²

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Fundamentals of Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry

Brueggemeier¹,

Li²

2003

Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery

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Steroids are a unique class of chemical compounds found throughout the animal and plant kingdom. This class includes sterols such as cholesterol and ergosterol, bile acids, and steroid hormones. Chemical research on steroids began with isolation and structure determination, and major research efforts focused on total synthesis and on the development of numerous reactions for modifying the steroid scaffold. Methods in microbial transformations of steroids were developed to produce large quantities of steroid starting materials at reduced costs. Research in steroid biochemistry first began with studies on the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids, followed soon thereafter by investigations on the biochemical mechanism of action of steroids. Over the past several decades, steroid biochemistry and molecular biology have focused on steroidogenic enzymes, nuclear steroid receptors, and gene expression. The discovery of the anti‐inflammatory effects of cortisone in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and the report of the contraceptive effects of estrogen and progestin preparations illustrated for the first time that steroids could be considered as medicinal agents. As a result, extensive research on the medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical studies of steroid agonists and antagonists has evolved and continues to provide new insights and new medicinal agents for therapies in many different diseases and chemoprevention strategies.

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Fundamentals of Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry

Brueggemeier

2010

Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery

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Steroids are a unique class of chemical compounds found throughout the animal and plant kingdom. This class includes sterols such as cholesterol and ergosterol, bile acids, and steroid hormones. Chemical research on steroids began with isolation and structure determination, and major research efforts focused on total synthesis and on the development of numerous reactions for modifying the steroid scaffold. Methods in microbial transformations of steroids were developed in order to produce large quantities of steroid starting materials at reduced costs. Research in steroid biochemistry first began with studies on the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids, followed soon thereafter by investigations on the biochemical mechanism of action of steroids. Over the past several decades, steroid biochemistry and molecular biology have focused on steroidogenic enzymes, nuclear steroid receptors, and gene expression. The discovery of the anti‐inflammatory effects of cortisone in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and the report of the contraceptive effects of estrogen and progestin preparations illustrated for the first time that steroids could be considered as medicinal agents. As a result, extensive research on the medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical studies of steroid agonists and antagonists has evolved and continues to provide new insights and new medicinal agents for therapies in many different diseases and chemoprevention strategies.

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Steroids: reactions and partial synthesis

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Steroids

Steroids

Fundamentals of Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry

Fundamentals of Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry

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