Sterol, fatty acid and elemental composition of diatoms grown in chemically defined media

Orcutt, D. M.; Patterson, Glenn W.

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(75)90093-0

Cited by 109 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…When present, the abundance of D 7 sterols in diatoms is generally low, except for the raphid pennate Surirella sp., which possessed 11% cholest-7-en-3b-ol (IIIb) and 39% 24-ethylcholesta-7,22E-dien-3b-ol (IIIk). Although D 7 sterols have been reported previously in some diatoms (Orcutt and Patterson 1975;Barrett et al 1995), they appear to be uncommon in this group of algae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Because of their dominance, diatoms are likely to be one of the most important sources of sterols in the marine environment, but despite their importance, studies on diatom sterol composition are still limited. A number of studies have analyzed the sterol composition of one or a few diatom cultures and only a few studies have examined sterols from a larger selection and wider variety of diatoms (Orcutt and Patterson 1975;Gladu et al 1991;Barrett et al 1995). These studies have shown that 24-methylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3b-ol and 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3b-ol are often present as major sterols in diatoms, while cholest-5-en-3b-ol, 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3b-ol, and cholesta-5,22E-dien-3b-ol are also frequently present (Volkman 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comprehensive study of sterols in marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta): Implications for their use as tracers for diatom productivity

Rampen

Abbas

Schouten

et al. 2009

Limnology & Oceanography

202

146

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Diatoms are one of the most important organisms contributing to aquatic primary productivity and their sterols are frequently used as markers for their presence and abundance. In this study, the sterol composition of .100 diatom cultures was analyzed and its distribution was compared to the diatom phylogeny to identify typical diatom biomarkers. Forty-four sterols were detected, 11 of them being commonly present as major sterols (contributing .10% to the total sterols). 24-Methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3b-ol is the most common sterol in diatoms, being present in 67% of all cultures analyzed, followed by the D 5 sterols, cholest-5-en-3b-ol (cholesterol), 24-methylcholest-5-en-3b-ol, and 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3b-ol. 24-Methylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3b-ol, previously suggested to be specific for diatoms, was only the fifth most common sterol; this sterol was absent in some of the major diatom groups, and high relative concentrations seem to be restricted to pennate diatoms. No sterols are restricted to specific phylogenetic groups of diatoms. Cluster analyses, however, do reveal distinct sterol distributions: Thalassiosirales typically contain high relative abundances of 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3b-ol, high relative abundances of cholesta-5,22E-dien-3b-ol are typical for Cymatosirales, high relative abundances of 24-ethylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3b-ol are characteristic for related Amphora, Amphiprora, and Entomoneis species, and a combination of high relative abundances of 24-methylcholest-5-en-3b-ol, 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien3b-ol, and 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3b-ol is typical for Attheya species. High contributions of 24-methylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3b-ol (.50% of all sterols) seem to be restricted to pennate diatoms. None of the major sterols found in diatoms can be used as an unambiguous diatom biomarker because all of them have been reported as common sterols in other algal groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive study of sterols in marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta): Implications for their use as tracers for diatom productivity

Rampen

Abbas

Schouten

et al. 2009

Limnology & Oceanography

202

146

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“…PLFA values presented as a mol% of total PLFA for surface sediments near burrows of 3 m a n n e worms See americana burrow sediments were significantly lower than in either of the other burrow types, due mainly to decreased levels of 20:4a6 and 2 0 : 5~3 . These PUFA are abundant in eucaryotic organisms, with diatoms being the primary contributors in intertidal marine sediments (Erwin 1973, Orcutt & Patterson 1975, Volkman et al 1980, White 1983). Methyl branched saturated fatty acids were significantly different among burrow sediments from the 3 species by ANOVA (p < 0.01).…”

Section: Microbial Community Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial biomass and community structures in the burrows of bromophenol producing and non-producing marine worms and surrounding sediments

Cc¹,

Sc²,

Db³

et al. 1996

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Microbial biomass and community structures were determined in sediments lining the burrows of 3 species of marine worms, and in nearby surface and subsurface sediments, using esterlinked phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. The potential impact of biogenic bromophenols produced by 2 of these animals on burrow microbial communities was of particular interest. The burrow microbial communities were markedly different from those of surrounding surface and subsurface sedi m e n t~. Differences in microbial biomass were attributed to burrow structures, textures of the burrow lining sediments, and organic carbon content. No significant reduction of microbial biomass or of several distinctive signature PLFA was detected in bromophenol-contaminated burrows, -when compared to non-bromophenol-containing burrows. All 3 types of sediments (burrow, surface, and subsurface) examined for each worm species were distinct as determined by multivariate cluster analysis of PLFA profiles. Signature lipid biomarker PLFA for Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, sulfatereducing bacteria and anaerobes, and microeucaryotes were readily identified in burrow sediments from bromophenol producing and non-producing worms.

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“…Mid-and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids: 16:1co7c, 16:2, 16:3, and 20:5o)3 are typically major components, along with lesser amounts of 14:0, 14:1 and 14:2 from Bacillariophyceae (Orcutt and Patterson 1975), and other marine algae (Ackman et al 1968;Gillan et al 1981;Volkmam et al 1980a;Nichols et al 1985). Several minor components (18:3o)3, 18:4o)3, and 18:5o)3) were also detected for all Arthur Harbor sites.…”

Section: Diatomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid composition and metabolic activities of benthic near-shore microbial communities of Arthur Harbor, antarctic peninsula: Comparisons with McMurdo Sound

et al. 1989

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Summary. Benthic microbial communities of the Arthur Harbor area were described by analysis of their cell membrane phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids (PELFA) and metabolic rates. Analysis revealed a biomass averaging 6 nM (phospholipid) or 3.5 x 10 8 cells per gram dry weight (gdw) of sediment for the four sites. Only slight biomass differences were detected between the four peninsula sites. All Arthur Harbor sites were determined to have a biomass similar to the lowest amount reported for a previously described McMurdo Sound site at New Harbor. Community structure based on signature phospholipids indicated only slight differences between the four peninsula sites with greater relative amounts of diatom marker lipids at a deeper site. Bacterial biomarker lipids were also determined in relatively equal proportions for the four Arthur Harbor sites with only one site indicating a somewhat decreased proportion. Metabolic rates of sodium [a4C]-acetate and methyl [3H]-thymidine incorporation into lipid and bacterial DNA respectively also indicated only slight relative differences in microbial communities of Arthur Harbor study sites. Lipid metabolism (14 C-acetate) ranged between 6 and 12 ( x 10 4) DPM/g/h for the four sites with 8 being the average. Bacterial (excluding sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)) cell divisions per g per h indicated increased rates at a deeper site with 14 x 10 5, compared to the average (5 x 10 5) for the three remaining sites. Average estimated total bacterial (excluding SRB's) community turnover was on the order of 0.6%/h for the four sites. Metabolic rate comparisons of Arthur Harbor with those of previously determined McMurdo Sound indicated a somewhat increased lipid metabolism and an order of magnitude greater bacterial cell division rate at Arthur Harbor.

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Sterol, fatty acid and elemental composition of diatoms grown in chemically defined media

Cited by 109 publications

References 20 publications

A comprehensive study of sterols in marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta): Implications for their use as tracers for diatom productivity

A comprehensive study of sterols in marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta): Implications for their use as tracers for diatom productivity

Microbial biomass and community structures in the burrows of bromophenol producing and non-producing marine worms and surrounding sediments

Lipid composition and metabolic activities of benthic near-shore microbial communities of Arthur Harbor, antarctic peninsula: Comparisons with McMurdo Sound

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