Sterol Metabolism as a Basis for a Mutualistic Symbiosis

Kok, Loke T.; Norris, Dale M.; Chu, H. M.

doi:10.1038/225661b0

Cited by 70 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Therefore, some ambrosia beetles are considered important pests and others may easily turn into invasive species when accidentally introduced to new areas (Carrillo et al, 2016, Rassati et al, 2016a, Jordal, 2002, Rassati et al, 2016b. These beetles are not able to survive and develop on a fungus-free diet composed only of plant tissue (Kok et al, 1970, Beaver, 1989.…”

Section: Bark and Ambrosia Beetlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogeny of bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on 18 molecular markers

Pistone

Gohli

Jordal

2017

Systematic Entomology

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Section: Bark and Ambrosia Beetlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogeny of bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on 18 molecular markers

Pistone

Gohli

Jordal

2017

Systematic Entomology

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“…Primary fungi occur mainly in the Ascomycotina genera, Ambrosiella and Raffaelea, which are closely related to ophiostomatoid bark beetle fungi, but with altered morphologies and a complete loss of sexuality (Norris 1979;Blackwell and Jones 1997;PaulinMahady et al 2002;Massoumi-Alamouti et al 2009). Secondary fungi are often less consistently associated and, for most, their roles remain unknown (Beaver 1989;Kok et al 1970). One nonophiostomatoid Ascomycete genus, Fusarium, is very commonly isolated from ambrosia beetles.…”

Section: Ambrosia Beetle-fungus Symbiosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic effects on interaction outcomes: examples from insect-microbial symbioses in forest and savanna ecosystems

et al. 2011

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The influence of humans on ecosystem dynamics has been, and continues to be, profound. Anthropogenic effects are expected to amplify as human populations continue to increase. Concern over these effects has given rise to a large number of studies focusing on impacts of human activities on individual species or on biotic community structure and composition. Lacking are studies on interactions, particularly mutualisms. Because of the role of mutualisms in ecosystem stability, such studies are critically needed if we are to begin to better understand and predict the responses of ecosystems to anthropogenic change. Most organisms are involved in at least one mutualism, and many in several. Mutualisms facilitate the ability of partners to exploit particular habitats and resources, and play a large role in determining ecological boundaries. When change disrupts, enhances, or introduces new organisms into a mutualism, the outcome and stability of the original partnership(s) is altered as are effects of the symbiosis on the community and ecosystem as a whole. In this paper, using examples from six microbe-insect mutualisms in forest and savanna settings, we showcase how varied and complex the responses of mutualisms can be to an equally varied set of anthropogenic influences. We also show how alterations of mutualisms may ramify throughout affected systems. We stress that researchers must be cognizant that many observed changes in the behaviors, abundances, and distributions of organisms due to human activities are likely to be mediated by mutualists which may alter predictions and actual outcomes in significant ways.

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“…If the average value of lipid in fungi is 3% (Weete et al 1973), the mg stero1.g funr '--I would bc l-3 for Rhixopus and 4 for Ygclricus. Kok et al (1970) report values of 1.7-2.4 mg of ergosterol per gram of Fusarium so&i-a mutualistic fungi associated with beetles. Based on these numbers, we used an average value of 2 mg of crgosterol per gram of fungal dry weight in our calculations.…”

Section: Calculutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterols in decomposing Spartina alterniflora and the use of ergosterol in estimating the contribution of fungi to detrital nitrogen1

Lee

Howarth

Howes

1980

Limnology & Oceanography

112

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Changes in concentrations of free sterols in decomposing Spartina alterniflora indicate that this marsh grass may be a significant source of sterols, primarily sitosterol, to tidal waters. These tidal waters may then transport the sterols (adsorbed to particulate matter) to nearby coastal sediments. Estimates of bacterial and fungal biomass in the detritus show that the living cells of these microbes account for only a minor part of the relative increase in nitrogen observed during decomposition. Biomass was estimated by direct counts for bacteria and by measuring the concentration of ergosterol—a sterol specific to fungi.

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Sterol Metabolism as a Basis for a Mutualistic Symbiosis

Cited by 70 publications

References 6 publications

Molecular phylogeny of bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on 18 molecular markers

Molecular phylogeny of bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on 18 molecular markers

Anthropogenic effects on interaction outcomes: examples from insect-microbial symbioses in forest and savanna ecosystems

Sterols in decomposing Spartina alterniflora and the use of ergosterol in estimating the contribution of fungi to detrital nitrogen1

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