“…For instance, differences in a company's ownership structure have been found to influence diversification (e.g., Snell 1988, 1989), accounting practices (e.g., Tosi et al 1999), the monitoring of CEO compensation (e.g., Gomez-Mejia 1989, 1994), CEO compensation (e.g., Fong et al 2010;Gomez-Mejia et al 1987;McEachern 1975;Williamson 1963), sources of annual CEO pay raises (e.g., Hambrick and Finkelstein 1995), emphasis on innovation (e.g., Hill and Snell 1988), corporate R&D spending (e.g., Baysinger et al 1991), and firm performance (e.g., Snell 1988, 1989;Hu and Izumida 2008;Hunt 1986). Those differences may occur because companies with different ownership structures place different values on organizational culture (Howorth et al 2010), management systems (Schachner et al 2006), and performance outcomes (Ghobadian and O'Regan 2006).…”