Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology

Pashler, Harold

doi:10.1002/0471214426

Cited by 236 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 488 publications

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“…The analyses that follow were based on a random effects model, which allows broader generalization than the fixed effect model (Lipsey & Wilson, 2001). In this procedure (R. Rosenthal, personal communications, January, 2016; Rosenthal & DiMatteo, 2002), countries serve as the units of analysis and are weighted equally. For each country, we calculated effect sizes (hedges’s g ) of the gender difference in life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect; higher scores indicate that males scored higher than females on the particular variable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Societal Conditions and the Gender Difference in Well-Being

Zuckerman

Diener

2017

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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Findings from a meta-analysis on gender differences in self-esteem (Zuckerman et al., 2016) suggest that the relation between the degree to which societal conditions are favorable to women and gender difference in self-esteem might be quadratic; when conditions improve, women's self-esteem (relative to that of men) trends downward but when conditions continue to improve, women's self-esteem begins to trend upward. Testing whether these relations generalize to subjective well-being, the present study found a quadratic relation between improving societal conditions and the gender difference in life satisfaction and positive affect (women are lower than men when societal conditions are moderately favorable compared to when they are at their worst and at their best); the relation was linear for negative emotion (women report more negative emotions than men when societal conditions are better). Directions for future research that will address potential explanations for these results are proposed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Societal Conditions and the Gender Difference in Well-Being

Zuckerman

Diener

2017

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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“…The Response Time (RT, i.e., the elapsed time from stimulus onset to the response) was only estimated for correct responses in all experimental conditions. To obtain a robust estimate of the characteristic RT for each individual in each condition, we calculated the mean RT after trimming the highest and lowest RT values (10% at each end) (Zandt, 2002, Ratcliff, 1993, Wilcox and Keselman, 2003). For completeness, the untrimmed RTs are reported in Supplementary Table s7).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An individualized fMRI protocol to assess semantic congruency effects on episodic memory in an aging multilingual population

Perquin

Viswanathan

Vaillant

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The cognitive stimulation induced by multilingualism may slow down age-related memory impairment. However, a suitable neuroscientific framework to assess the influence of multilingualism on age-related memory processes is missing. We propose an experimental paradigm that assesses semantic memory processes using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To this end, we modified the picture-word interference (PWI) task to be suitable for multilingual subjects undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In particular, stimulus material was prepared in multiple languages and closely matched in semantic properties, thus enabling participants to perform the experiment in a language of their choice. This paradigm was validated in a group (n = 62) of healthy elderly (≥64 years) multilingual subjects, all practicing three or more languages. Consistent with the engagement of semantic memory processes, we found that the encoding and recognition of semantically related vs. unrelated picture-word pairs evoked robust differences in behavior and the neural activity of parietal-temporal networks. These effects were not modulated by the language in which the task was performed. Based on this validation in a multilingual population, we conclude that the proposed paradigm will allow future studies to evaluate whether multilingualism aptitude engages neural systems in a manner that protects long-term memory from aging-related decline.

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“…These processes include auditory memory and extend to stimulating pre-motor representations of action (Koelsch, 2011). Music cognition is the area of research involved in determining the cortical processes underlying music perception (Justus & Bharucha, 2002). Predictably, musicians, through their training, have developed more efficient cortical mechanisms to subserve these processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Differences in the Neural Substrates of Auditory Cognition as a Consequence of Music Training

Rathee

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Previous studies have demonstrated that musical deviants (syntactically irregular chords) elicit event related potentials/fields with negative polarity; specifically, the early right anterior negativity and the right anterior temporal negativity responses with peak latencies at ~200 ms and ~350 ms, respectively, post stimulus onset. Here, we investigated differences in the neural dynamics of the auditory perceptual system of individuals with music training compared to those with no music training. Magnetoencephalography was used to examine the neural response to a deviant sound when the auditory system was primed using stimulus entrainment to evoke an auditory gamma-band response between 31 Hz and 39 Hz, in 2 Hz steps. Participants responded to the harmonic relationship between the entrainment stimulus and the subsequent target stimulus. Gamma frequencies carry stimulus information; thus, the paradigm primed the auditory system with a known gamma frequency and evaluated any improvement in the brains response to a deviant stimulus. The entrainment stimuli did not elicit an early right anterior negativity response. Furthermore, the source location of the event-related field difference during the later right anterior temporal negativity response time-window varied depending on group and entrainment condition. In support of previous findings from research using this, and a functionally similar visual-priming paradigm, a 7 Hz phase modulation of gamma amplitude was found for non-musicians following 33 Hz stimulus entrainment. Overall, significant effects of gamma entrainment were found more frequently in the non-music brain. By contrast, musicians demonstrated a greater range of interactions with slower brain rhythms, indicative of increased top-down control.

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Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology

Cited by 236 publications

References 488 publications

Societal Conditions and the Gender Difference in Well-Being

Societal Conditions and the Gender Difference in Well-Being

An individualized fMRI protocol to assess semantic congruency effects on episodic memory in an aging multilingual population

Functional Differences in the Neural Substrates of Auditory Cognition as a Consequence of Music Training

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