‘Stick to Soccer:’ fan reaction and inclusion rhetoric on social media

Cavalier, Elizabeth S.; Newhall, Kristine E.

doi:10.1080/17430437.2017.1329824

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The fact that nearly one third of public responses in our sample, while not explicitly homophobic, were framed as stick to football with a potential negative social impact possibly reinforces traditional ideas of heteronormativity and articulates a perspective that sport and society can and should exist separately. This reflects the findings of a recent analysis of social media responses to a U.S. Soccer online post that identified that posts resisting the intertwinement of politics and sport were a significant portion of the sample (Cavalier & Newhold, 2018). In much of the public response to the Pride Game in this study, respondents sought to distance themselves from the directly pernicious intent of homophobic language by using qualifiers such as “I’m not homophobic, but…” which still potentially stigmatises the LGBTIQ community while seeking to normalize hegemonic masculinity as the “natural” state.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Football, Media, and Homophobia: Public Framing of the First Pride Game in the Australian Football League

Sherwood

Donaldson

Dyson

et al. 2020

Communication & Sport

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Two Australian football clubs—St Kilda and the Sydney Swans—played the first Pride Game in Australian professional sport in 2016 to support and include the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and queer (LGBTIQ) community at and through a major sporting event. This study examines the framing of this game in the print and online media and in public responses via comments on media coverage and comments on Facebook posts. The framing of both the media coverage and the public response was predominantly supportive, with the theme of the “inclusion,” of gay Australian Football League players and the broader LGBTIQ community, prominent. However, there was a significant difference in the frames used in media coverage compared to the public response to this coverage. There was a relatively high proportion of unsupportive comments (e.g., a “stick to football” theme), including pernicious homophobia, present, particularly in the public response, compared to other recent related research. Overall, the findings suggest that, while there was strong support for the Pride Game, homophobia in sport remains, and the media, particularly social media, can be a platform for its expression. This study also highlights the value in analysing multiple platforms in media framing research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Football, Media, and Homophobia: Public Framing of the First Pride Game in the Australian Football League

Sherwood

Donaldson

Dyson

et al. 2020

Communication & Sport

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“…Decreases in sexual stigma and prejudice have also resulted in greater acceptance of lesbian and bisexual women in sports and have lessened the "lesbian" connotation associated with women's sports (Cahn, 2015;Griffin, 1998;Lenskyj, 2003). Although sports contexts are still commonly viewed as heterosexist, changes that include increasing numbers of athletes coming "out," high-profile campaigns against prejudice and discrimination in sport, and sport organizations' support for laws and policies that address inequalities (e.g., marriage equality) are reshaping them (Anderson et al, 2016;Cavalier & Newhall, 2018: Krane, 2019. Also, notably, sports have traditionally offered unique opportunities for community for individuals who identify as a sexual minority (Barbosa et al, 2020;Carter & Baliko, 2017;Mock et al, 2019;Myrdahl, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexuality, Sports-Related Mistreatment, and U.S. Adults’ Sports Involvement

Knoester

Allison

2021

Leisure Sciences

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This study employs descriptive and regression analyses of the National Sports and Society Survey (N ¼ 3,993) to examine the patterns and implications of sexual stigma and prejudice in sports contexts by focusing on U.S. adults' reports of sports-related mistreatment and involvement. Results indicate that about 1/3 of adults perceive sports as unwelcoming to LGBT athletes and nearly 40% report experiencing sports-related mistreatment; adults who identify as a sexual minority are particularly likely to perceive sports as unwelcoming and to report personal mistreatment. They are also less likely than self-identified heterosexuals to play, spectate, and talk about sports; sports-related mistreatment and childhood sports histories do not explain these patterns. Overall, the findings suggest that more action is needed to offset the presence and influence of sexual stigma and prejudice and to provide more welcoming sports environments for all.

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“…The generation and dissipation of excitement and tension associated with the game as well as the noted history of rivalries have been reflected too in online spaces. These studies have positioned football in an instrumental fashion to develop arguments on wider social media issues such as inhibition (e.g., Kavanagh et al, 2016) and reactions to sports organisations espousing political positions (e.g., Cavalier & Newhall, 2018). Here, questions can be asked about the potential generalisability of the findings to any or all sports.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review of Research on Online Hate and Sport

Kearns

Sinclair

Black

et al. 2022

Communication & Sport

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The rise of online hate speech in sports is a growing concern, with fans, players and officials subject to racist, sexist and homophobic abuse (in addition to many other prejudices) via social media platforms. While hate speech and discrimination have always been problems in sports, the growth of social media has seen them exacerbated exponentially. As a consequence, policy makers, sport governing bodies and grassroots anti-hate organisations are largely left playing catch-up with the rapidly shifting realm of online hate. Scholars have attempted to fill this vacuum with research into this topic, but such is the evolving nature of the issue that research has been diverse and fragmentary. We offer a scoping review into the scholarship of online hate in sport in order to encourage and facilitate further research into this urgent issue. Our review will achieve this through offering a comprehensive cataloguing of previously employed methodologies, case studies and conclusions. In doing so, it will not only equip future researchers with a concise overview of existing research in the field, but also illuminate areas and approaches in need of further examination.

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‘Stick to Soccer:’ fan reaction and inclusion rhetoric on social media

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Football, Media, and Homophobia: Public Framing of the First Pride Game in the Australian Football League

Football, Media, and Homophobia: Public Framing of the First Pride Game in the Australian Football League

Sexuality, Sports-Related Mistreatment, and U.S. Adults’ Sports Involvement

A Scoping Review of Research on Online Hate and Sport

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