2016
DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2016.61
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Stiffening of sickle cell trait red blood cells under simulated strenuous exercise conditions

Abstract: The higher risk of vaso-occlusion events and sudden death for sickle-cell trait (SCT) athletes has been speculatively ascribed to SCT red blood cell (RBC) stiffening during strenuous exercise. However, the microenvironmental changes that could induce the stiffening of SCT RBCs are unknown. To address this question, we measured the mechanical properties of and changes in SCT RBCs under deoxygenated and acidic environments, which are two typical conditions present in the circulation of athletes undertaking stren… Show more

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Cited by 12 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…Cell deformability is gaining recognition as a novel cell state marker. Reduced cell deformability is commonly associated with a pathological phenotype, e.g., in malaria (Hosseini andFeng, 2012 andToepfner et al, 2018), sickle-cell disease (Xu et al, 2016), and thalassemia (Athanasiou et al, 1991). Additionally, deformability is seen as a valuable label-free marker associated with various cell activities, such as cell cycle regulation (Tsai et al, 1996), differentiation (Lin et al, 2017), metastasis (Ochalek et al, 1988), and leukocyte activation (Khismatullin, 2009).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cell deformability is gaining recognition as a novel cell state marker. Reduced cell deformability is commonly associated with a pathological phenotype, e.g., in malaria (Hosseini andFeng, 2012 andToepfner et al, 2018), sickle-cell disease (Xu et al, 2016), and thalassemia (Athanasiou et al, 1991). Additionally, deformability is seen as a valuable label-free marker associated with various cell activities, such as cell cycle regulation (Tsai et al, 1996), differentiation (Lin et al, 2017), metastasis (Ochalek et al, 1988), and leukocyte activation (Khismatullin, 2009).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The microfluidic device was fabricated via soft lithography and PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) molding according to our previously reported method 30 . Briefly, the device had a microchannel of 60 µm in height and 1000 µm in width.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Three to seven independent experimental replications were conducted for each tested condition. The shape of each individual RBC was measured via image processing in Matlab, and the shear modulus of each RBC was quantified, according to our previously reported method 30 . Briefly, according to the Kelvin–Voigt (KV) model, , where T (µN/m) is the average tension force acting on the RBC membrane, which was calculated from the shear stress applied on the RBC and the area of the RBC 34,35 ; λ is the extension ratio of the RBC membrane, , where l is the RBC’s length when deformed under shear stress; and l 0 is the RBC’s original length.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Before being introduced into the device, fresh RBCs and RBCs stored from 1 week to 6 weeks were diluted 200 times in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to minimize the coincidence occurrences of multiple cells in the channel. Although the pH of RBC storage medium decreases to 6.5 by the sixth week 19 , stored RBCs were tested in PBS (pH: 7.35) since pH 7.35 is more physiologically relevant 20 . Before RBCs were introduced into the microfluidic device, their shape at rest was first evaluated, as shown in Figure 1b The size of the constriction channel was chosen via finite element simulation and experimental validation.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%