Stiffening Performance of Cold-Formed C-Section Beam Filled with Lightweight-Recycled Concrete Mixture

Zand, Ahmed W. Al; Alghaaeb, Mustafa Farooq; Liejy, Mohammed Chyad; Mutalib, Azrul A.; Al-Ameri, Riyadh

doi:10.3390/ma15092982

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…After the concrete set, the concrete portions located at these openings were expected to behave as shear connectors to sufficiently connect the slab part with the beam part in the suggested CBPDS composite system. The PSS slab was also connected to the C-purlins beam using self-tapping screws of 30 mm length; these were provided at several locations, where the extra length of these screws was used as an embedded connector to nail the concrete core inside the C-purlins section (see Figure 4 as an example), similar to the scenario previously confirmed in [36]. The opened sides of the C-purlins and PSS slab were temporarily closed by pieces of wood/dry board during the casting time of the concrete; these were removed after 24 h. An electrical vibrator was used during the concrete casting time to ensure that there were no air voids inside the casting concrete.…”

Section: Specimens Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the galvanized C-purlin steel sections have been adopted in the CFST beam system due to the advantages of the lightweight and availability in the local market. For example, Al Zand et al (2022) experimentally and numerically investigated the flexural performance of using a single C-purlin section filled with normal and recycled concrete materials [36]. Using double sections of C-purlins (face-to-face connection) to fabricate the steel tube in the CFST beam system led to an improvement in the concrete confinement behavior [37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexural Performance of a Novel Steel Cold-Formed Beam–PSSDB Slab Composite System Filled with Concrete Material

et al. 2023

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In this study, the flexural performance of a new composite beam–slab system filled with concrete material was investigated, where this system was mainly prepared from lightweight cold-formed steel sections of a beam and a deck slab for carrying heavy floor loads as another concept of a conventional composite system with a lower cost impact. For this purpose, seven samples of a profile steel sheet–dry board deck slab (PSSDB/PDS) carried by a steel cold-formed C-purlins beam (CB) were prepared and named “composite CBPDS specimen”, which were tested under a static bending load. Specifically, the effects of the profile steel sheet (PSS) direction (parallel or perpendicular to the span of the specimen) using different C-purlins configurations (double sections connected face-to-face, double separate sections, and a single section) were investigated. The research discussed the specimens’ failure modes, flexural behavior, bending capacity, bending strain relationships, and energy absorption index of specimens. Generally, the CBPDS specimens with the PSS slab placed in a parallel direction achieved approximately a 13–40% higher bending capacity compared with the corresponding specimens with a perpendicular PSS direction (depending on the configuration of the beam). Fabricating the beam of the CBPDS specimen with double C-purlins (face-to-face) led to more effective concrete confinement behavior compared with the double separate C-purlins beam. The related specimen recorded a 10% higher bending capacity. Finally, the suggested composite CBPDS system exhibited a sufficient energy absorption capability of the static bending load because it demonstrated high strength and high ductility.

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Section: Specimens Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexural Performance of a Novel Steel Cold-Formed Beam–PSSDB Slab Composite System Filled with Concrete Material

et al. 2023

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“…Additionally, infill materials in CFS sections have been proposed to enhance buckling resistance and increase load capacity by up to 40% [59]. Studies have focused on investigating the flexural performance of composite columns with different cross-sectional configurations, such as C-sections filled with concrete material containing varied lightweight recycled aggregates [60].…”

Section: Profile Of Built-up Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Cold-Formed Steel Built-Up Composite Columns with Geopolymer Concrete Infill

Sara Simon,

Kafle,

Al-Ameri

2024

J. Compos. Sci.

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Concrete-filled built-up cold-formed steel (CFS) columns offer enhanced load-carrying capacity, improved strength-to-weight ratios, and delayed buckling through providing internal resistance and stiffness due to the concrete infill. Integrating sustainable alternatives like self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC) with low carbon emissions is increasingly favoured for addressing environmental concerns in construction. This review aims to explore the current knowledge regarding CFS built-up composite columns and the performance of SCGC within them. While research on geopolymer concrete-filled steel tubes (GPCFSTs) under various loads has demonstrated high strength and ductility, investigations into built-up sections remain limited. The literature suggests that geopolymer concrete’s superior compressive strength, fire resistance, and minimal shrinkage render it highly compatible with steel tubular columns, providing robust load-bearing capacity and gradual post-ultimate strength, attributed to the confinement effect of the outer steel tubes, thereby preventing brittle failure. Additionally, in built-up sections, connector penetration depth and spacing, particularly at the ends, enhances structural performance through composite action in CFS structures. Consequently, understanding the importance of using a sustainable and superior infill like SCGC, the cross-sectional efficiency of CFS sections, and optimal shear connections in built-up CFS columns is crucial. Moreover, there is a potential for developing environmentally sustainable built-up CFS composite columns using SCGC cured at ambient temperatures as infill.

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“…In general, the CFDST beams usually prepared with conventional cross-sections [8,14,7]. However, these sections are usually facing an outward buckling failure at the compression zone stress that usually occurred at the top flange of the beams under high bending loads [11,13]. Thus, using the outer tube's cross-section with irregular shapes such as hexagonal, octagonal, and decagonal shapes not yet extensively investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexural Behavior of Concrete-Filled Double-Skin Hexagonal Tubular Beams Using Finite Element Analysis

Mazlan¹,

Zand²

2022

Kbes

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The Concete-Filled Double Steel Tube (CFDST) members usually prepared from Concrete-Filled Steel Tube (CFST) member with additional internal steel tube, in order to increase strength and reduce the selfweight of the composite member. The conventional square cross-sections are usually used for the CFDST beams. However, these sectionsthis square section are usually facing an outward buckling failure at the compression zone stress that usually occurred at the top flange of the CFDST beams under high bending loads. Additionally, using cross-section shapes with hexagonal and/or octagonal and/or decagonal could be to reduce the flatness width of the CFDST beam’s top flangem since they have smaller flatness width of their flanges than the square/rectangular tube’s cross section. Therefore, the aim of this research is to numerically study the flexural behavior of CFDST beam with hexagonal tubular cross-section under pure bending static loads by using finite element (FE) software named ABAQUS. First, the FE model was devloped and verified with the rated experimental tested results, then devloped and analysed additional models of hexagonal CFDST beams to investigate further parameters that not yet been investiated. Generally a total of 19 hexagonal CFDST models were analysed for this project to investigate the influnce of varied tube’s thickness (t), steel yielding strength (fy), concrete strength (fcu), inner to outer tube’s dimensions ratio (Di/Do), and different inner tube’s cross-sections shape (hexagon, square and circle). The result of the paper showed that by using double steel tube for the beam, the failure due to outward buckling can be reduced significantly. The ultimate bending capacity of the hexagon CFDST models were increased with increases of their steel/concrete strength, tube’s thickness and Di/Do ratio. For example, increasing the tube thickness from 1.5 mm 2.5 mm achieved an improvement in Mu values of about 41%. Meanwhile less improvement percentages was recorded when only the concrete strength increased. Furthermore, there are no much improvements have been recorded in the model’s bending capacity when used square or circle shape of inner tube’s cross-section the than the hexagonal shape. The energy absorption of the hexagon CFDST model have been improved according to the improvement of their loading strength capacities

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Stiffening Performance of Cold-Formed C-Section Beam Filled with Lightweight-Recycled Concrete Mixture

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Flexural Performance of a Novel Steel Cold-Formed Beam–PSSDB Slab Composite System Filled with Concrete Material

Flexural Performance of a Novel Steel Cold-Formed Beam–PSSDB Slab Composite System Filled with Concrete Material

A Critical Review of Cold-Formed Steel Built-Up Composite Columns with Geopolymer Concrete Infill

Flexural Behavior of Concrete-Filled Double-Skin Hexagonal Tubular Beams Using Finite Element Analysis

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