Stiffness and strength development of the soft clay stabilized by the one-part geopolymer under one-dimensional compressive loading

Wu, Jun; Min, Yifan; Li, Bo; Zheng, Xiyao

doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2021.06.001

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…One of the main challenges is finding a correct method for the optimum design mixtures of binders used for effective S/S of soils. Various methods of estimating soil parameters were used successfully in civil engineering [33,[52][53][54]. In seismic methods, including ultrasonic tests, P-wave velocity increases along with the increased rigidity of medium, which is an expected phenomenon in cementation process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

Lindh

Lemenkova

2022

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Evaluating soil strength by geophysical methods using P-waves was undertaken in this study to assess the effects of changed binder ratios on stabilization and compression characteristics. The materials included dredged sediments collected in the seabed of Timrå region, north Sweden. The Portland cement (Basement CEM II/A-V, SS EN 197-1) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) were used as stabilizers. The experiments were performed on behalf of the Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget (SCA) Biorefinery Östrand AB pulp mill. Quantity of binder included 150, 120 and 100 kg. The properties of soil were evaluated after 28, 42, 43, 70, 71 and 85 days of curing using applied geophysical methods of measuring the travel time of primary wave propagation. The P-waves were determined to evaluate the strength of stabilized soils. The results demonstrated variation of P-waves velocity depending on stabilizing agent and curing time in various ratios: Low water/High binder (𝐿 𝑊 𝐻 𝐵 ), High water/Low binder (𝐻 𝑊 𝐿 𝐵 ) and percentage of agents (CEM II/A-V/GGBFS) as 30%/70%, 50%/50% and 70%/30%. The compression characteristics of soils were assessed using uniaxial compressive strength (UCS). The P-wave velocities were higher for samples stabilized with 𝐿 𝑊 𝐻 𝐵 compared to those with 𝐻 𝑊 𝐿 𝐵 . The primary wave propagation increased over curing time for all stabilized mixes along with the increased UCS, which proves a tight correlation with the increased strength of soil solidified by the agents. Increased water ratio gives a lower strength by maintained amount of binder and vice versa.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measuring shear wave velocity for estimation of stiffness and strength of the soft and silty clayey soil is a reported practice [32,33]. Void ratio in soil and effective mean normal stress can be estimated for analysis of the large-strain response and relationship between soil strength and wave propagation [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

Lindh

Lemenkova

2022

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“…The results obtained showed that the silicon-aluminium proportion, the mass ratio between solid NaOH and raw material, and the water-binder ratio have a signi cant in uence on the stiffness and strength development of soft clay stabilized with alkaliactivated geopolymer under one-dimensional compressive loading. In addition, the mechanical performance of clay soil stabilized using geopolymer based on volcanic ash and ordinary Portland cement was examined by P. Ghadir et al [21]. The authors assessed the dominant factors in the stabilization process, such as curing conditions, curing time, and binder content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the mechanical and thermal properties of local building materials stabilized by the synthesis of kaolin geopolymers and alkaline solution

CHAR,

TILIOUA

2024

Preprint

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In the construction sector, enhancing the thermomechanical attributes of building materials is of significant importance. This research is centered on examining kaolin-enhanced rammed earth bricks, which are augmented through an alkaline solution to facilitate geopolymerization, creating a synergy between geopolymer and soil. Physico-chemical analysis methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential thermal and gravimetric analysis (DTA-GTA) and particle size analysis were used to characterize the properties and reactive potential of studied materials. The chemical composition analysis revealed that the soil and kaolin contained substantial amounts of Calcite (32.2%), Quartz (26.5%), Muscovite (15.44%), Nimesite (18%), and in kaolin, Quartz (68.3%) and Illite (30.1%) were predominant. Samples with different kaolin-geopolymer ratios (0%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%) were designed and prepared for both mechanical (compressive and tensile strength) and thermal testing. The results obtained indicate a significant improvement in the structural integrity of earth bricks with increasing kaolin-geopolymer content when combined with an alkaline solution. However, this improvement is accompanied by a reduction in thermal resistance after 28 days.

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“…Fine-grained cohesive soil should be stabilised before its use in construction work (Dahlin et al, 1999;She et al, 2019;Lindh, 2004;Zhou et al, 2017;Lemenkov and Lemenkova, 2021a). Stabilisation improves the engineering properties of finegrained soil by increasing its compressive strength (Brencich et al, 2021;Lemenkov and Lemenkova, 2021b;Wu et al, 2021), reducing its plasticity (Kasprzhitskii et al, 2016) and shrinkswell potential (Chen et al, 2002;Saride et al, 2013), and im-proving its mineralogical, morphological and structural characteristics (James, 2020;Wang et al, 2021). These improvements result in a higher bearing capacity, reduced settlement, and more predictable behavior of the problematic soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hardening Accelerators (X-Seed 100 BASF, PCC, LKD and SALT) as Strength-Enhancing Admixture Solutions for Soil Stabilization

Lindh

Lemenkova

2023

Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering

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This study is aimed at evaluating the strength of stabilised soil collected from the Port of Norvik, Stockholm, Sweden, where 350,000 m3 of clay had to be stabilized. The tests were performed in the laboratory of the Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI). The soil was stabilised by binder mixtures using Portland cement clinker (PCC) and lime and lime kiln dust (LKD). Accelerators (X-seed 100 BASF, PCC, LKD and salt) were added to the soil samples for quicker stabilization. The strength of the stabilised soil was assessed using resonance frequency measurements of seismic P-waves by an ICP accelerometer in order to estimate the shear strength of the soil and to evaluate the effects from the accelerators, binder ratios, and the curing temperature on the gains in stabilization and strength. Various proportions of the binders were tested, i.e.: 50/50 cement/lime and 50/50 PCC/lime. The temperature was measured using a calorimeter in double experiments. The results showed that the accelerators improve the strength in the stabilized specimens and enhance the soil performance for engineering construction work.

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Stiffness and strength development of the soft clay stabilized by the one-part geopolymer under one-dimensional compressive loading

Cited by 22 publications

References 43 publications

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

Assessment of the mechanical and thermal properties of local building materials stabilized by the synthesis of kaolin geopolymers and alkaline solution

Hardening Accelerators (X-Seed 100 BASF, PCC, LKD and SALT) as Strength-Enhancing Admixture Solutions for Soil Stabilization

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