Stigma and Its Implications for Health: Introduction and Overview

Major, Brenda; Dovidio, John F.; Link, Bruce G.; Calabrese, Sarah K.

doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.1

Cited by 85 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The study of social stigma has existed primarily in psychology, sociology, political science, and allied health fields. There has been increasing attention to stigma in chronic health conditions 34 ; within pediatric populations, stigma has been examined in HIV, 12 , 47 epilepsy, 2 , 33 obesity, 42 , 44 , 49 and sickle cell disease (SCD). 56 Stigmatizing experiences have been linked to poor health and increased psychological distress in these youth populations.…”

Section: Conceptualization Of Pain-related Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualizing pain-related stigma in adolescent chronic pain: a literature review and preliminary focus group findings

Wakefield

Zempsky

Puhl

et al. 2018

PR9

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Introduction:Chronic pain in adolescents is a significant medical condition, affecting the physical and psychological well-being of youth and their families. Pain-related stigma is a significant psychosocial factor in adolescents with chronic pain that has been understudied, despite its implications for negative health outcomes, poor quality of life, and increased healthcare utilization.Objectives:To examine pain-related stigma in the literature documenting pediatric and adult health-related stigma and present preliminary findings from a focus group of adolescents with chronic pain.Methods:In this narrative review, we explored pain-related stigma research and conceptualized the literature to address pain-related stigma among adolescents with chronic pain. Additionally, we conducted a focus group of four adolescent females with chronic pain and using content analyses, coded the data for preliminary themes.Results:We propose a pain-related stigma model and framework based on our review and the findings from our focus group. Findings suggest that medical providers, school personnel (ie, teachers and school nurses), peers and even family members enact pain-related stigma toward adolescents with chronic pain.Conclusions:Based on this narrative review, there is preliminary evidence of pain-related stigma among adolescents with chronic pain and future research is warranted to better understand the nature and extent of this stigma within this population.

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Section: Conceptualization Of Pain-related Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualizing pain-related stigma in adolescent chronic pain: a literature review and preliminary focus group findings

Wakefield

Zempsky

Puhl

et al. 2018

PR9

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“…A growing set of literature is considering how feeling “too fat,” exacerbated under social conditions of high weight stigma, might result in an array of negative health outcomes like weight gain and depression—with women especially at risk (see Major, Tomiyama, & Hunger, 2017 for a recent review). This theorized relationship is based almost entirely on analysis of data drawn from the US, Western Europe, and Australia, especially undergraduate college student samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight, gender, and depressive symptoms in South Korea

Brewis

Han

SturtzSreetharan

2017

American J Hum Biol

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ObjectivesObesity consistently predicts depression risk, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Body concerns are proposed as key. South Korean society is characterized by extremely high levels of explicit weight stigma, possibly the highest globally. Using cross‐sectional Korean 2014 National Health Examination Survey (KNHANES) data, we test this proposition in a nationally representative sample of South Korean adults (N = 5,632).MethodsDepressive symptoms (outcome variable), was based on the PHQ‐9. Weight status (predictor variable), was based on direct measures of height and weight converted to BMI. Weight concern was self‐reported. Mediation analyses tested how weight concern mediated the influence of weight status on depressive symptoms for women and men.ResultsCurrent weight status influenced depressive symptoms in Korean adults, but not always directly. Concerns of being “fat” mediated that relationship. The effect increased significantly as BMI increased within “normal” and overweight/obese categories for women, and in overweight/obese categories for men. Even though women classified as underweight were significantly more depressed than those in other weight categories, there was no similar mediation effect related to weight concerns.ConclusionFor South Koreans, the stress of adhering to social norms and avoiding stigma related to body weight seems to explain the relationship between higher body weight and more depressive symptoms. Women are more vulnerable overall, but men are not immune. This study demonstrates that body concerns help explain why weight predicts depression, and more broadly supports the proposition that widespread weight‐related stigma is a potentially major, if unrecognized, driver of population‐level health disparities.

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“…A literatura aponta que a experiência de vivenciar situações de preconceito não se restringe a espaços específicos, pois sua institucionalização está presente em diferentes espaços e afeta o processo de saúde-doença (23) . Assim, o estigma associado com estereótipos contribui para os agravos à saúde, além de comprometer o exercício da cidadania e o direito à saúde (17,18) .…”

Section: Identificação De Estigma E Discriminação No Serviço E Na Comunclassified

“…A descentralização do teste rápido de HIV e outras Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) para a AB traz uma mudança significativa no atendimento, antes realizado prioritariamente em Centros Especializados de Testagens e Aconselhamento (CTA) e, atualmente, disponível nas unidades de referência próximo à moradia dos usuários. A literatura aponta que as crenças estigmatizantes dos profissionais podem se tornar uma barreira no acesso à saúde (17,18) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estigma e teste rápido na atenção básica: percepção de usuários e profissionais

Ferreira

Moro

et al. 2018

Rev Bras Promoc Saúde

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Estigma e teste rápido na Atenção Básica Rev Bras Promoç Saúde, 31(3): 1-11, jul./set.Este artigo está publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições, desde que o trabalho seja corretamente citado. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul -PUCRS -Porto Alegre (RS) -Brasil RESUMOObjetivo: Analisar como o estigma e a discriminação estão presentes no cotidiano de usuários e profissionais no contexto de implementação do teste rápido para HIV/AIDS na Atenção Básica. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, de caráter exploratório, realizado em 2015, em 15 unidades de saúde de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Participaram 64 pessoas, sendo 34 usuários e 30 profissionais de saúde com diferentes formações. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e organizados a partir da análise temática das falas dos participantes. Resultados: O estigma associado ao HIV/AIDS se faz presente nas diferentes falas dos entrevistados. Os participantes apresentaram semelhanças na indicação de quem deveria realizar o teste rápido de HIV/ AIDS, citando usuários de drogas, adolescentes e mulheres. Os entrevistados referem estigma e discriminação na comunidade e nos serviços de saúde, sendo que os profissionais afirmam que existe preconceito por parte de membros da equipe e dos próprios usuários do serviço, sem implicarem-se nesse processo. Considerar a AIDS como uma doença qualquer é uma forma de neutralizar a identificação do estigma, não reconhecendo as especificidades históricas do HIV e as singularidades das pessoas afetadas. Conclusão: O desafio da Atenção Básica é reconhecer quais são os conceitos que embasam a identificação de pessoas vulneráveis ao HIV/AIDS, para que não se reproduzam estigmas que entravam a promoção de saúde. Descritores: Estigma Social; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS. ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze how stigma and discrimination related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are presented in the everyday lives of users and professionals in the context of the implantation of rapid testing for HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) in Primary HealthCare. Methods: Qualitative, exploratory study, performed in 2015 in 15 health care units of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Participants were 64 people, 34 users and 30 health professionals of different fields. Data was collected using semi-structured interview and organized based on the thematic analysis of the participants' statements. Results: The stigma associated with HIV/AIDS is present in the different speeches of the interviewees. Participants showed similarities in indicating who should take the rapid HIV test, citing drug users, adolescents and women. The respondents perceive stigma and discrimination in the community and health services, and the professionals say that there is prejudice on the part of staff members and even the service users, not becoming involved in this process. Considering...

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Stigma and Its Implications for Health: Introduction and Overview

Cited by 85 publications

References 7 publications

Conceptualizing pain-related stigma in adolescent chronic pain: a literature review and preliminary focus group findings

Conceptualizing pain-related stigma in adolescent chronic pain: a literature review and preliminary focus group findings

Weight, gender, and depressive symptoms in South Korea

Estigma e teste rápido na atenção básica: percepção de usuários e profissionais

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