Stigma and petals of Crocus sativus L.: Review and comparison of phytochemistry and pharmacology

Li, Xue; Xie, Jin; Fan, Hong Jin; Tan, Jun; Zhang, Dingkun; Yang, Bao; Geng, Funeng; Pei, Jin; Ma, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104918

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Clinical studies have indicated that saffron, in various doses, dose not present serious adverse side effects [ 17 , 18 ]. Furthermore, in recent times, research has been undertaken to extract bioactive components not only from the stigmas but also from the petals of Crocus sativus L. Many studies have shown that these often neglected petals also contain interesting bioactive components [ 19 , 20 ], mainly polyphenols, notably carotenoids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, known for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties, as well as their multiple protective roles [ 21 ]. They have been associated with numerous pharmacological effects [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigmas and Petals of Crocus sativus L. (Taliouine, Morocco): Comparative Evaluation of Their Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities

Benkerroum,

Oubella,

Zini

et al. 2024

The Scientific World Journal

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The dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L. produce saffron, a precious spice used for its culinary and medicinal properties since ancient times, while its petals are considered the main by-product of saffron production. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of stigmas and petals of Crocus sativus L. from Taliouine. The polyphenol content was measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, the antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH free radical scavenging method, and the well-diffusion method was used to assess antibacterial activity against seven pathogenic bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus). Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined using the microdilution broth test. Our findings revealed that stigmas and petals contained phenolic compounds at the rate of 56.11 ± 4.70 and 64.73 ± 3.42 mg GAE/g, as well as DPPH radical scavenging capacity with IC50 of 1700 µg/ml and 430 µg/ml, respectively. Petal extract showed more effective antibacterial activity, with inhibition diameters ranging from 10.66 ± 0.57 to 22.00 ± 1.00 mm and MIC values ranging from 2.81 to 5.62 mg/ml, compared to the stigma extract, which displayed inhibition diameters from 10.00 ± 0.00 to 18.67 ± 0.76 mm and MIC from 2.81 to 11.25 mg/ml, against five of the seven bacterial strains tested, including S. aureus, E. coli, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, and S. enterica. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the significance of these results. Thus, stigmas and petals of Crocus sativus L. might serve as a suitable source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigmas and Petals of Crocus sativus L. (Taliouine, Morocco): Comparative Evaluation of Their Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities

Benkerroum,

Oubella,

Zini

et al. 2024

The Scientific World Journal

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“…Selain itu, bunga dari C. sativus memiliki kepala putik berwarna oranye sampai merah, agak pipih, ovarium berbentuk gelendong sempit, serta memiliki tangkai bunga yang tidak menonjol ke permukaan dan panjangnya cukup pendek. Bunga ini biasanya mekar pada siang hari lalu kuncup pada malam hari dan mekar subur pada akhir bulan Oktober [11]. Adapun budidaya dari tanaman saffron dilakukan di daerah kering atau semi kering dengan suhu tumbuh berkisar antara 35-45ºC di musim panas sampai -20/-15ºC di musim dingin.…”

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“…Pada kelopak bunga saffron dilaporkan memiliki kandungan flavonoid yang lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan yang ada pada kepala putik. Sementara itu, kepala putik saffron memiliki keunggulan dalam jumlah terpenoid, yakni sebanyak 36 jenis terpenoid dan 7 jenis tetraterpenoid yang ada pada kepala putik tidak ditemukan pada kelopak bunga [11]. Dalam pengobatan tradisional, saffron digunakan dalam mengobati insomnia, depresi, sebagai ekspektoran, antiseptik, antijamur, dan antibakteri.…”

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Potensi Rempah Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) sebagai Nutrasetikal Anti-Hipertensi

I Gede Krishna Wira Pradnyana,

Rini Noviyani

2023

WSNF

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Penyakit hipertensi atau dikenal juga sebagai The Silent Killer didefinisikan sebagai peningkatan tekanan darah arteri yang persisten. Dari tahun ke tahun, angka penderita hipertensi di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2018 yang menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia berada di angka 34,1%. Salah satu terapi yang dapat diberikan adalah nutrasetikal. Nutrasetikal adalah produk berupa pangan atau bagian dari pangan yang memiliki manfaat bagi kesehatan. Salah satu contoh nutrasetikal yang dapat digunakan sebagai antihipertensi yaitu rempah saffron yang sering digunakan dalam masakan. Selain digunakan sebagai rempah masakan, saffron ternyata memiliki potensi antihipertensi dari kandungan metabolit sekundernya. Sehingga review artikel ini ditulis untuk menggali informasi lebih lanjut terkait pemanfaatan saffron dan kandungan fitokimia saffron sebagai nutrasetikal yang berpotensi sebagai antihipertensi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan review artikel ini yaitu dengan melakukan studi literatur menggunakan jurnal nasional maupun internasional yang diperoleh dari 5 database jurnal ilmiah yaitu Pubmed, Elsevier, Science Direct, Researchgate, dan Google Scholar, dari rentang 10 tahun terakhir dan membahas terkait penggunaan saffron sebagai antihipertensi maupun kandungan saffron yang memiliki potensi sebagai antihipertensi. Dari hasil kajian, menunjukkan bahwa kandungan crocin, crocetin, dan safranal yang terdapat pada saffron telah teruji memiliki aktivitas antihipertensi. Selain itu, bagian tanaman dari saffron seperti kepala putik dan kelopaknya juga memiliki efek untuk meringankan kejadian hipertensi. Sehingga dari hasil penelusuran tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai informasi acuan terkait potensi rempah saffron sebagai antihipertensi dan juga dapat dijadikan sebagai terapi penunjang atau alternatif dari penyakit hipertensi.

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The potential protective role of carotenoids from saffron: A focus on endoplasmic reticulum stress‐related organ damage

Mirzavi,

Rajabian,

Hosseini

2024

Food Science & Nutrition

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The anticancer, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties of carotenoids from saffron or apocarotenoids (e.g., crocin, safranal, crocetin, and picrocrocin) have prompted research into their benefits. Apocarotenoids seem to be effective compound for the treatment of chronic diseases, such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, cancer, respiratory, and metabolic disorders. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that participates in the biosynthesis of proteins, lipids, and steroid hormones. Given the role of the ER in the regulation of several fundamental biological processes, including metabolic pathways and immune responses, aberrant ER function can have a significant influence on these vital processes and result in serious pathological consequences. Exposure of cell to adverse environmental challenges, such as toxic agents, ischemia, and so on, causes accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, also called ER stress. There is a growing evidence to suggest that ER disturbance in the form of oxidative/nitrosative stress and subsequent apoptotic cell death plays major roles in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and liver diseases. Apocarotenoids with their unique properties can modulate ER stress through PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP (protein kinase R (PKR)‐like ER kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α/activating transcription factor 4/C/EBP /homologous protein) and X‐Box Binding Protein 1/activating transcription factor 6 (XBP1/ATF6) pathways. In addition, they suppress apoptosis through inhibition of endoplasmic and mitochondrial‐dependent caspase cascade and can stimulate SIRT1 (silent information regulator 1) and Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2) expression, thereby leading to protection against oxidative stress. This review summarizes the potential benefits of apocarotenoids in various ER‐stress‐related disorders.

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Stigma and petals of Crocus sativus L.: Review and comparison of phytochemistry and pharmacology

Cited by 6 publications

References 146 publications

Stigmas and Petals of Crocus sativus L. (Taliouine, Morocco): Comparative Evaluation of Their Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities

Stigmas and Petals of Crocus sativus L. (Taliouine, Morocco): Comparative Evaluation of Their Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities

Potensi Rempah Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) sebagai Nutrasetikal Anti-Hipertensi

The potential protective role of carotenoids from saffron: A focus on endoplasmic reticulum stress‐related organ damage

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