Stigmatization and discrimination as predictors of self-esteem of people living with HIV and AIDS in Nigeria

Adimora, Dorothy Ebere; Aye, Eucharia N.; Akaneme, Immaculata Nwakaego; Nwokenna, Edith Nwakaego; Akubuilo, Francis Ekenechukwu

doi:10.4314/ahs.v19i4.39

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The feelings of emptiness and hopelessness also led to low self-esteem. This study supported the previous findings that low self-esteem among MSM living with HIV contribute to depression because of low motivation [ 25 , 26 ]. This finding adds another dimension of understanding of the source of depression among MSM living with HIV, which is related to discomfort with discussing their situation, feeling demotivated, and a lack of hope and trust.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The participants expressed feelings discomfort and demotivation, and these two feelings are central to the feeling of emptiness. The expectation of rejection, concealment, and internalised homophobia were the factors underlying feelings of discomfort and demotivation [ 25 , 26 ]. In this study, the participants expressed feeling uncomfortable with discussing their experiences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Counselling experiences among men having sex with men and living with HIV in Malaysia

et al. 2022

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Purpose In Malaysia, the trend of HIV transmission has shifted from intravenous drug use to sexual intercourse, and men who have sex with men (MSM) have become the main driver due to high-risk sexual behaviour. Thus, treatment and care, which also involves counselling, for men who have sex with men and who are living with HIV (MSM living with HIV) are crucial. This study aims to explore the experiences of MSM living with HIV and participating in counselling session during treatment and care at two public hospitals. Method This qualitative study with a grounded-theory approach was conducted at two public hospitals in Malaysia. Five participants who were MSM living with HIV were selected through purposive sampling. They participated in semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations, and diary entries, each of which was conducted three times. The data were analysed using grounded theory with N-Vivo 8 to determine themes. Result The participants were found to experience feelings of emptiness and hopelessness because of their unreadiness to accept their HIV status. These feelings made their participation in counselling sessions challenging. Consequently, the participants found counselling sessions unhelpful due to their unwillingness to participate in the counselling relationship. Conclusion The findings of the study highlight the need for counselling sessions to focus more on feelings related to unreadiness to improve the self-esteem and ability to create positive relationships with others of MSM living with HIV. It is also important to strengthen the training and skills among HIV counsellors to enhance counselling services for these men.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Counselling experiences among men having sex with men and living with HIV in Malaysia

et al. 2022

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“…PLHIV receive various forms of discrimination, including relational discrimination, ill-treatment by health workers, misconduct and rejection by spouses, and discrimination in the workplace [12]. Such discriminatory condition causes disturbances to PLHIV, including worse global sleep quality [13], loneliness [13,14], depressive syndrome [13,15], disclosure status to the partner [14,15], and low self-esteem [16]. Furthermore, PLHIV also feel worthlessness, fear, feeling of injustice, lacking future [17], and avoiding therapy or prevention [18].…”

Section: Variables and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinant factors correlated with discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV in Indonesian population: demographic and health survey analysis

Rofi’i¹,

Kurnia²,

Bahrudin³

et al. 2023

HIV & AIDS Review

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Introduction: Discrimination of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and its' various forms is a concerning issue. The purpose of this study was to examine HIV stigma and discriminatory behaviors among Indonesian women and men aged 15 to 49 years. Material and methods:This was a cross-sectional study that analyzed data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, focusing on the discriminatory attitude. A stratified two-stage cluster design was utilized. Data included demographics (age, education, wealth index, and place of residence), knowledge of HIV, and discriminatory attitude towards PLHIV. Logistic multiple regression modelling examined the determinant factors towards PLHIV. A total of 49,204 women aged 15 to 49 years, and males aged 15 to 54 years were included in this survey.Results: According to the findings, 85.1 percent of women and 85.7 percent of men presented discriminatory attitudes towards PLHIV. Older age (p = 0.00; 95% CI: 1.13-1.50%), richest group (p = 0.00; 95% CI: 0.69-0.93%), inhabiting rural area (p = 0.00; 95% CI: 1.11-1.33%), and comprehensive knowledge about HIV (p = 0.00; 95% CI: 0.45-0.53%) were the determinant factors of discriminatory attitudes towards PLHIV in women, while secondary education (p = 0.04; 95% CI: 1.00-5.09%) and richer group (p = 0.003; 95% CI: 0.483-0.859%) were the determinant factors in men. Conclusions:A large proportion of men and women in Indonesia continue to engage in discriminatory attitude towards PLHIV. Stigma and prejudice must be tackled in order to battle the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Indonesia. People should be informed about behavior modification strategies to prevent the disease from spreading.

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“…Three likely reasons for stigma against PLWHA in healthcare settings include fear of becoming infected with HIV at work (Fauk et al, 2021; Kambutse et al, 2018), perceptions linking HIV to immoral activities (Letamo, 2019; Seid & Ahmed, 2020), and lack of sensitivity of the perpetrators to their own potentially stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors (Dong et al, 2018; Stringer et al, 2016). In addition to increasing the willingness of HIV sufferers to seek related health services, another important reason to eliminate stigma is to reduce the impact of related negative attitudes and behaviors on patients' self-esteem (Adimora et al, 2019), psychological health (Zhang et al, 2018), life satisfaction (Chan et al, 2021), and overall quality of life (Reinius et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With HIV-Related Stigma Among Indonesian Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey

HIDAYAT,

CHEN,

MAULINA

et al. 2023

Journal of Nursing Research

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Background Despite worldwide advances in HIV care and growing scientific knowledge about HIV, stigma and prejudice continue to hinder people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) from seeking treatment and care. HIV-related stigma among healthcare workers in Indonesia has been investigated and measured in only a few empirical studies. Purpose This study was developed to identify factors related to holding stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWHA among professional healthcare providers in Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional survey approach using convenience and snowball sampling techniques was used. Data were collected in February and March 2022. All of the participants were healthcare workers in Indonesia who had completed an online survey that collected demographic data and measured HIV-related stigma, fear of HIV transmission, and HIV-related knowledge. Bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to investigate the association between the independent and dependent variables. Results The study enrolled 252 participants, including eight physicians (3.2%), 200 nurses (79.4%), and 44 midwives (17.5%). Over two thirds of the participants (65.1%) had no formal HIV training. Stigmatizing attitudes were associated with lower levels of HIV knowledge (B = −0.480, p < .01), fear of becoming infected with the HIV virus (B = 0.354, p < .05), and type of HIV care setting (B = −2.913, p < .05). Of the three participant categories, physicians had the highest levels of both HIV knowledge and PLWHA-related stigma. Conclusions The findings indicate many healthcare workers in Indonesia receive limited formal training on HIV, have low levels of HIV knowledge, and fear HIV transmission. Therefore, providing comprehensive and up-to-date education about HIV for health workers and proper personal protective equipment should be incorporated into programs aimed at reducing stigmatizing attitudes against patients with HIV among healthcare workers in Indonesia.

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Stigmatization and discrimination as predictors of self-esteem of people living with HIV and AIDS in Nigeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Counselling experiences among men having sex with men and living with HIV in Malaysia

Counselling experiences among men having sex with men and living with HIV in Malaysia

Determinant factors correlated with discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV in Indonesian population: demographic and health survey analysis

Factors Associated With HIV-Related Stigma Among Indonesian Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey

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