Stigmatizing Beliefs and Attitudes to Depression in Adolescent School Students in Chile and Colombia

Martínez, Vania; Crockett, Marcelo A.; Jiménez-Molina, Álvaro; Espinosa-Duque, H. Daniel; Barrientos, Elisa; Ordóñez-Carrasco, Jorge L.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577177

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In the present study, the mean DSS-Personal scale among Chinese medical students was 13.71 ± 5.35, which was higher than previously published scores for Chilean adolescents (11.9 ± 4.8) [ 31 ] and for community adults in Portugal (12.71 ± 5.52) [ 32 ]. This finding suggests that the level of personal depression stigma among Chinese medical students is relatively high.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Predictors of personal depression stigma in medical students in China: differences in male and female groups

Qiu

Feng

Luo

et al. 2022

Medical Education Online

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Depression is common worldwide, and stigmatizing attitudes toward depression have proved to be one of the major barriers to seeking professional help. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of personal depression stigma and identify its predictive factors among medical students in Hainan, China, as well as explore the gender difference. A total of 2,186 medical students were recruited using stratified random cluster sampling and interviewed by structured anonymous questionnaires. Personal stigma was measured by the standardized Depression Stigma Scale (DSS). Multivariate linear regression models were used to identify predictors of stigma, and the interactions between gender and each predictor were included to test its gender difference. The mean score on DSS Scale was 13.71 ± 5.35, with males significantly higher than females (14.85 vs 12.99, P < 0.0001). Compared to females, males were more likely to agree with ‘I would not vote for a class cadre if I knew they had been depressed’ and ‘I would not make friends with him if I knew he had been depressed’. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that males’ personal stigma was predicted by being only child ( ß = 1.01, P = 0.0083), moderate-to-severe depression ( ß = 1.12, P = 0.0302), and lower self-rated academic core competitiveness (Competitive: ß = 1.29, P = 0.0088, Not at all/Somewhat competitive: ß = 1.04, P = 0.0381), while females’ personal stigma was only associated with moderate-to-severe depression ( ß = 1.75, P < 0.0001). Significant interactions were found between gender and self-rated academic core competitiveness. Stigmatizing attitudes toward depression were prevalent among Chinese medical students, especially male students. Gender differences were found in the predictors of stigma. Effective measures must be taken to reduce the stigma of mental health among Chinese medical students.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Predictors of personal depression stigma in medical students in China: differences in male and female groups

Qiu

Feng

Luo

et al. 2022

Medical Education Online

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“…For instance, the treatment gap for mental disorders is high in Chile, reaching 38.5% among adults, and one-fifth of children or adolescents with a diagnosis receive any mental health service ( 52 ). Additionally, there is still an important stigma related to seeking health for mental problems ( 53 – 55 ). Nevertheless, a definitive explanation and the relative importance of the events presented above cannot be determined with the information available, and further research is needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health and Related Factors Among Undergraduate Students During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Valdés

Díaz²,

Christiansen³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundMental health problems among undergraduates are a significant public health concern. Most studies exploring mental health in this population during the pandemic have been conducted in high-income countries. Fewer studies come from Latin American countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicide risk, and explore the association with several relevant variables in personal, family, university, and SARS-CoV-2 pandemic domains.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Chile in a medium-size private University. Outcome variables were explored with valid instruments: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Independent variables from personal (e.g., sex, age, sexual orientation, history of mental health problems, substance use), family (e.g., parental educational background, family history of mental health problems, family functioning), university (e.g., course year, financial support, psychological sense of university belonging, history of failing subjects) and SARS-CoV-2 domains (e.g., history of personal and family contagion, fear of contracting SARS-CoV-2, frequency of physical activity, keeping routines and social contact). Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted for each outcome, after univariable and domain-specific multivariable models. The significant variable at each step was selected if the p-value was ≤ 0.05.ResultsA total of 5,037 students answered the survey—the global response rate of 63.5%. Most of the students were females (70.4%) and freshmen students (25.2%). The prevalence of mental health problems was high: depression (37.1%), anxiety (37.9%), and stress (54.6%). Insomnia was reported in 32.5% of students, and suicide risk in 20.4% of students. The associated variables at personal domain were history of mental health problems, substance use, and sexual orientation; at family domain, family functioning and family history of mental health problems; at university domain, violence victimization and sense of belonging; and in SARS-CoV-2 domain, having a daily routine and fear to contracting SARS-CoV-2 by students themselves or others.ConclusionsThe prevalence of mental health problems is high among undergraduate students and some of the associated factors, such as victimization and a sense of belonging can be used in preventive interventions.

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“…Two specific elements in the Colombian sample were also found: the low rate of agreement to participate in the program and the increased levels of self-stigma of depression after the program. Although in Colombia, it is necessary to continue studying the stigma related to mental disorders and its associated elements [47], some research considers stigma as a cultural barrier in mental health [48], revealing high levels of stigma in adolescents in Medellín, compared to those in Santiago, Chile [49]. In addition, in the process of implementing the program, stigmatizing ideas were identified from some of the adolescents who did not agree to participate in the study towards those who did agree to participate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and Acceptability of “Cuida tu Ánimo” (Take Care of Your Mood): An Internet-Based Program for Prevention and Early Intervention of Adolescent Depression in Chile and Colombia

Martínez

Espinosa-Duque

Jiménez-Molina

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The rapid internet penetration in Latin American countries has made it possible to implement digital mental health interventions. “Cuida tu Ánimo” (Take Care of Your Mood) is an internet-based program for the prevention and early intervention of depression in adolescents. A pilot study was conducted in Chile and Colombia to study the feasibility and acceptability of the program and estimate its effects. There were 199 participants (53.3% women; mean age = 14.8 years, SD = 1.0) recruited from two schools in Chile and two schools in Colombia. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied for data collection and analyses. Although the levels of acceptance were moderate to high across all variables, adherence was lower than expected. The participants deemed important for an intervention of this type offered a higher level of interaction with team members through internet-based and face-to-face activities. Post-intervention outcomes show a reduction in depressive and anxious symptoms in adolescents in Chile, while there were no significant changes in the level of symptomatology in adolescents in Colombia. The women used the program more than the men. Results show the need to improve the intervention by increasing its levels of customization and developing strategies to achieve better adherence. The contradictory results of the program in Chile and Colombia suggest the importance of other variables beyond the content of the intervention, such as the setting or context of the intervention.

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Stigmatizing Beliefs and Attitudes to Depression in Adolescent School Students in Chile and Colombia

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Predictors of personal depression stigma in medical students in China: differences in male and female groups

Predictors of personal depression stigma in medical students in China: differences in male and female groups

Mental Health and Related Factors Among Undergraduate Students During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Feasibility and Acceptability of “Cuida tu Ánimo” (Take Care of Your Mood): An Internet-Based Program for Prevention and Early Intervention of Adolescent Depression in Chile and Colombia

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