Still Stressful After All These Years: A Review of Lesbians’ and Bisexual Women's Minority Stress

Lewis, Robin J.; Kholodkov, Tatyana; Derlega, Valerian J.

doi:10.1080/10894160.2011.557641

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Specifically, work-related heterosexist discrimination is associated with poor psychological outcomes in sexual minority individuals (Lewis, Kholodkov & Derlega, 2012). In light of the growing number of older lesbian adults entering retirement, there remains much to understand about how leaving the workforce relates to adaptive change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“The Wisdom of Age”: Perspectives on Aging and Growth among Lesbian Older Adults

Putney

Leafmeeker

Hebert

2016

Journal of Gerontological Social Work

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Older lesbian-identified women are a health disparate yet resilient population about whom knowledge is limited and emerging. Among the areas in need of research are older lesbians' experiences of later life and stress-related growth. This article presents the findings from a qualitative study that investigated older lesbians' experiences of adversity and adaptation as they age. In-depth, exploratory interviews were conducted with 12 lesbian-identified women who were between the ages of 65-80. This study applied grounded theory methodology to identify respondents sources of stress and fear, their strengths and coping strategies and how those relate to each other and to their growth in later life. We advance a model of adaptive change that shows how spirituality, social support, and resistance to cultural norms help older lesbian adults cope with loss, illness, and discrimination and develop wisdom in later life. Knowledgeable practitioners can help older lesbian women identify and maintain sources of social support, explore spirituality, and facilitate continuous growth through the end of life. Social workers can advocate for services that are welcoming and affirmative so as to reduce fears of isolation and dependence associated with health decline.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“The Wisdom of Age”: Perspectives on Aging and Growth among Lesbian Older Adults

Putney

Leafmeeker

Hebert

2016

Journal of Gerontological Social Work

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“…While males who identify with a sexual minority identity/orientation face similar pressures and stigma, there is empirical and theoretical justifications to consider their coping mechanisms separate from sexual minority women (Lewis et al, 2012). Considering this framework, a lesbian/bisexual specific up-regulation of testosterone as a result of a unique combination of psychoso-cial stressors is a possible mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonads and strife: Sex hormones vary according to sexual orientation for women and stress indices for both sexes

Juster

Almeida

Cardoso

et al. 2017

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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a b s t r a c tThis study assessed sexual orientation and psychobiological stress indices in relation to salivary sex hormones as part of a well-validated laboratory-based stress paradigm. Participants included 87 healthy adults that were on average 25 years old who self-identified as lesbian/bisexual women (n = 20), heterosexual women (n = 21), gay/bisexual men (n = 26), and heterosexual men (n = 20). Two saliva samples were collected fifteen minutes before and fifteen minutes after exposure to a modified Trier Social Stress Test to determine testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations via enzyme-immune assaying. Mean sex hormones were further tested in association to stress indices related to cortisol systemic output (area under the curve with respect to ground) based on ten measures throughout the two-hour visit, allostatic load indexed using 21 biomarkers, and perceived stress assessed using a well-validated questionnaire. Results revealed that lesbian/bisexual women had higher overall testosterone and progesterone concentrations than heterosexual women, while no differences were found among gay/bisexual men in comparison to heterosexual men. Lesbian/bisexual women and heterosexual men showed positive associations between mean estradiol concentrations and allostatic load, while gay/bisexual men and heterosexual women showed positive associations between mean testosterone and cortisol systemic output. In summary, sex hormone variations appear to vary according to sexual orientation among women, but also as a function of cortisol systemic output, allostatic load, and perceived stress for both sexes. (R.-P. Juster). explanations of non-heterosexual behavior have often hypothesized a dysregulation of sex-specific hormone profiles, resulting in anomalies in the organizational and activational effects of these hormones on the neurodevelopment of circuitry underlying species-specific sexual behavior. Animal models involving prenatal androgen deficits, for example, were first believed to cause male homosexuality (Phoenix et al., 1959), while prenatal androgen overabundance presumably resulted in female homosexuality. Our study endeavours to show that such sex hormone differences assumed to be attributable to sexual orientation are also modulated by unexplored stress phenomena.Advances in behavioral neuroscience has led to the introduction of sophisticated genetic models involving non-functional androgen receptors, further allowing researchers to characterize the relation-Konstanzer Online-Publikations-System (KOPS) URL: http://nbn-resolving. de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-2-1f6t7wu8qvgcl6 Erschienen in: Psychoneuroendocrinology ; 72 (2016). -S. 119-130 https://dx.

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“…Further, internalized homophobia is negatively associated with relationship satisfaction (Frost & Meyer, 2009;Mohr & Daly, 2008), perception longevity (Rostosky, Riggle, Gray, & Hatton, 2007), secure attachment (Elizur & Mintzer, 2003;Sherry, 2007) and high sexual anxiety, concern about sexual image, and sex problems (Dupras, 1994;Frost & Meyer, 2009). It seems that internalized homophobia influence same-sex romantic relationships in a variety of ways (see Lewis, Kholodkov, & Derlega, 2012;Szymanski, Kashubeck-West, & Meyer, 2008) and is a risk factor for maintaining healthy intimate relationships (Frost & Meyer, 2009;Greene & Britton, 2015;Otis, Rostosky, Riggle, & Hamrin, 2006).…”

Section: Gender Differences Sexual Orientation and Internalized Hommentioning

confidence: 95%

Comparing Heterosexuals’ and Gay Men/Lesbians’ Responses to Relationship Problems and the Effects of Internalized Homophobia on Gay Men/Lesbians’ Responses to Relationship Problems in Turkey

Okutan

Sunal

Uğurlu

2016

Journal of Homosexuality

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The purpose of the present study was twofold: (1) to investigate the effects of sexual orientation (heterosexuals and gay men/lesbians) and gender difference on responses to romantic relationship problems (Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Neglect [EVLN] responses) and of perceived partner's EVLN responses in Turkey, and (2) to examine whether internalized homophobia was associated with EVLN responses and perceived partner's EVLN responses for gay men and lesbians. Responses to Dissatisfaction Scale-Accommodation Instrument, Internalized Homophobia, and Demographics Information were administered to 187 participants (44 lesbians, 44 gay men, 53 heterosexual women, 46 heterosexual men).The MANCOVA results showed that men reported higher loyalty than women, whereas women presented more exit responses than men. Further, the interactions between gender and sexual orientation on the participants' EVLN responses and on the perceived partner's EVLN responses were significant. With respect to heterosexual women, heterosexual men displayed more loyalty responses. Lesbians had higher scores on loyalty than did heterosexual women. Lesbians also had higher scores on perceived partner's exit response than did heterosexual women and gay men. On the contrary, heterosexual women reported more perceived partner's voice response than lesbians. In addition, lesbians reported higher perceived partner's neglect responses than heterosexual women. Compared to heterosexual women, heterosexual men reported higher perceived partner's exit response. Finally, internalized homophobia was associated with destructive responses for both lesbians and gay men.

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Still Stressful After All These Years: A Review of Lesbians’ and Bisexual Women's Minority Stress

Cited by 54 publications

References 48 publications

“The Wisdom of Age”: Perspectives on Aging and Growth among Lesbian Older Adults

“The Wisdom of Age”: Perspectives on Aging and Growth among Lesbian Older Adults

Gonads and strife: Sex hormones vary according to sexual orientation for women and stress indices for both sexes

Comparing Heterosexuals’ and Gay Men/Lesbians’ Responses to Relationship Problems and the Effects of Internalized Homophobia on Gay Men/Lesbians’ Responses to Relationship Problems in Turkey

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