Stillbirths and intrauterine infection, histologic chorioamnionitis and microbiological findings

Moyo, Sylvester R.; Hägerstrand, Inga; Nyström, Lennarth; Tswana, S.A.; Blomberg, Jonas; Bergström, Staffan; Ljungh, Åsa

doi:10.1016/0020-7292(96)02705-1

Cited by 73 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…301 Chorioamnionitis or amniotic fluid infection has been identified as an important cause of fetal death in several studies from developing countries. [305][306][307][308][309] The following section will review the evidence of interventions pertaining to common genitourinary infections in pregnancy.…”

Section: Utis and Reproductive Tract Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Based Interventions for Improving Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT. Background. Infant and under-5 childhood mortality rates in developing countries have declined significantly in the past 2 to 3 decades. However, 2 critical indicators, maternal and newborn mortality, have hardly changed. World leaders at the United Nations Millennium Summit in September 2000 agreed on a critical goal to reduce deaths of children <5 years by two thirds, but this may be unattainable without halving newborn deaths, which now comprise 40% of all under-5 deaths. Greater emphasis on wide-scale implementation of proven, cost-effective measures is required to save women's and newborns' lives. Approximately 99% of neonatal deaths take place in developing countries, mostly in homes and communities. A comprehensive review of the evidence base for impact of interventions on neonatal health and survival in developingcountry communities has not been reported.Objective. This review of community-based antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal intervention trials in developing countries aimed to identify (1) key behaviors and interventions for which the weight of evidence is sufficient to recommend their inclusion in communitybased neonatal care programs and (2) key gaps in knowledge and priority areas for future research and program learning.Methods. Available published and unpublished data on the impact of community-based strategies and interventions on perinatal and neonatal health status outcomes were reviewed. Evidence was summarized systematically and categorized into 4 levels of evidence based on study size, location, design, and reported impact, particularly on perinatal or neonatal mortality. The evidence was placed in the context of biological plausibility of the intervention; evidence from relevant developed-country studies; health care program experience in implementation; and recommendations from the World Health Organization and other leading agencies.Results. A paucity of community-based data was found from developing-country studies on health status impact for many interventions currently being considered for inclusion in neonatal health programs. However, review of the evidence and consideration of the broader context of knowledge, experience, and recommendations regarding these interventions enabled us to categorize them according to the strength of the evidence base and confidence regarding their inclusion now in programs. This article identifies a package of priority interventions to include in programs and formulates research priorities for advancing the state of the art in neonatal health care.Conclusions. This review emphasizes some new findings while recommending an integrated approach to safe motherhood and newborn health. The results of this study provide a foundation for policies and programs related to maternal and newborn health and emphasizes the importance of health systems research and evaluation of interventions. The review offers compelling support for using research to identify the most effective measures to save newborn lives. It also may facilitate dialogue with policy...

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Section: Utis and Reproductive Tract Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Based Interventions for Improving Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence

et al. 2005

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“…In the 70`s GBS was recognized as the main etiology of early-onset neonatal sepsis, with evidence pointing to vertical transmission (mother-to-infant), chiefly by contact with and aspiration of vaginal secretions from the colonized birth canal during labor (21,28). Among GBS-related neonatal infections, sepsis and pneumonia are the most important, followed, less frequently, by meningitis, celullitis, osteomyelitis and septic arthritis (28).…”

Section: Lancefield Group B Streptococcus (Gbs) Ormentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Group B Streptococcus in Brazilian pregnant women and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns

Castellano-Filho¹,

Silva²,

Nascimento³

et al. 2010

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is still not routinely screened during pregnancy in Brazil, being prophylaxis and empirical treatment based on identification of risk groups. This study aimed to investigate GBS prevalence in Brazilian pregnant women by culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) associated to the enrichment culture, and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated bacteria, so as to support public health policies and empirical prophylaxis. After an epidemiological survey, vaginal and anorectal specimens were collected from 221 consenting laboring women. Each sample was submitted to enrichment culture and sheep blood agar was used to isolate suggestive GBS. Alternatively, specific PCR was performed from enrichment cultures. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined for isolated bacteria by agar diffusion method. No risk groups were identified. Considering the culture-based methodology, GBS was detected in 9.5% of the donors. Twenty five bacterial strains were isolated and identified. Through the culture-PCR methodology, GBS was detected in 32.6% specimens. Bacterial resistance was not detected against ampicillin, cephazolin, vancomycin and ciprofloxacin, whereas 22.7% were resistant to erythromycin and 50% were resistant to clindamycin. GBS detection may be improved by the association of PCR and enrichment culture. Considering that colony selection in agar plates may be laboring and technician-dependent, it may not reflect the real prevalence of streptococci. As in Brazil prevention strategies to reduce the GBS associated diseases have not been adopted, prospective studies are needed to anchor public health policies especially considering the regional GBS antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.

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“…It has been implicated as a cause of stillbirths [7]. Estimation of GBS colonization rates amongst women during pregnancy and determining its effect on pregnancy can contribute to prevention of negative pregnancy outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated with Group B Streptococcus Colonization and Their Effect on Pregnancy Outcome

Lekala

Mavenyengwa

Moyo

et al. 2015

JGO

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Stillbirths and intrauterine infection, histologic chorioamnionitis and microbiological findings

Cited by 73 publications

References 12 publications

Community-Based Interventions for Improving Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence

Community-Based Interventions for Improving Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence

Detection of Group B Streptococcus in Brazilian pregnant women and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns

Risk Factors Associated with Group B Streptococcus Colonization and Their Effect on Pregnancy Outcome

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