Stimulants

Childress, Ann

doi:10.1016/j.chc.2022.03.001

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Instant-release formulations of methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin), like amphetamine, take effect within about 30–45 min. The effects diminish faster than those of amphetamine, typically within about 3–5 hr (Childress, 2022; Maldonado, 2013). To reduce the need for redosing and the potential for abuse, various extended-release formulations have also been developed for methylphenidate (e.g., Concerta, Focalin XR, Ritalin LA), with effect duration varying from about 8 to 16 hr, depending on the medicine (Childress, 2022; Steingard et al, 2022).…”

Section: Stimulant Effects Over the Short And Long Termmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instant-release formulations of amphetamine, such as mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall) and dextroamphetamine (Zenzedi), exert effects within about 30–45 min after ingestion and remain effective for up to about 4–6 hr (Childress, 2022; Steingard et al, 2022). Patients often take these medicines twice or three times daily.…”

Section: Stimulant Effects Over the Short And Long Termmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients often take these medicines twice or three times daily. Extended-release amphetamine formulations (e.g., Adderall XR, dextroamphetamine spansules), usually taken once daily, involve the timed release of more than one dose of the medicine and remain effective for up to 8–12 hr (Childress, 2022; Steingard et al, 2022). The prodrug lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) yields amphetamine gradually, with maximal benefits on attention and problem-solving taking effect in about 2 hr and lasting up to 14 hr (Biederman et al, 2007; Wigal et al, 2009).…”

Section: Stimulant Effects Over the Short And Long Termmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Should patients be evaluated for ADHD while using ADHD medication?

Lovett,

Nelson,

Jordan

2024

Professional Psychology: Research and Practice

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Psychologists often perform evaluations on patients who are already being prescribed stimulant medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The evaluation may be sought to confirm the diagnosis or to determine specific treatment or accommodation needs. In these cases, psychologists are often asked whether the patient should take their medication as prescribed on the day of the evaluation. There does not appear to be any existing authoritative guidance on this question, and different clinics and clinicians have different policies. In the present article, relevant research on stimulant effects and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder assessment tools is reviewed, to develop empirically informed guidance for determining when patients should take their medication on evaluation day and when they should not. The article concludes with several proposed guidelines for practice, synthesizing findings from the available research with consideration of psychologists' ethical responsibilities. Public Significance StatementPsychologists are often faced with the decision of whether to ask patients to take prescribed attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder medication when getting evaluated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This article reviews the available research evidence on this point to help develop evidencebased recommendations for the decision.

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Section: Stimulant Effects Over the Short And Long Termmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stimulant Effects Over the Short And Long Termmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stimulant Effects Over the Short And Long Termmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Should patients be evaluated for ADHD while using ADHD medication?

Lovett,

Nelson,

Jordan

2024

Professional Psychology: Research and Practice

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“…Drugs are classed as stimulants, hallucinogens, and depressants based on their physical and psychological impacts . Stimulants, often known as uppers, such as cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy, and amphetamine affect the central nervous system and make the user feel energized, focused, and alert. ,− Depressants, also called downers, have a relaxing impact on the nervous system and anxiety, induce sleep, and reduce brain and nerve activity . Opioids (e.g., heroin, codeine, morphine, fentanyl), barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital, thiopental), benzodiazepines (e.g., alprazolam, diazepam, clonazepam, lorazepam), and alcohol are classified as depressants. , For medical conditions such as insomnia and obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressants are prescribed for treatment purposes. , Abusing depressant use has become more widespread over time, especially when they are used with stimulants to counteract the depressive effects …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Multiplex Point-of-Care Platform for Simultaneous Drug Monitoring

Beduk

Bedük

Filho

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Recently, illicit drug use has become more widespread and is linked to problems with crime and public health. These drugs disrupt consciousness, affecting perceptions and feelings. Combining stimulants and depressants to suppress the effect of drugs has become the most common reason for drug overdose deaths. On-site platforms for illicitdrug detection have gained an important role in dealing, without any excess equipment, long process, and training, with drug abuse and drug trafficking. Consequently, the development of rapid, sensitive, noninvasive, and reliable multiplex drug-detecting platforms has become a major necessity. In this study, a multiplex laser-scribed graphene (LSG) sensing platform with one counter, one reference, and three working electrodes was developed for rapid and sensitive electrochemical detection of amphetamine (AMP), cocaine (COC), and benzodiazepine (BZD) simultaneously in saliva samples. The multidetection sensing system was combined with a custom-made potentiostat to achieve a complete point-of-care (POC) platform. Smartphone integration was achieved by a customized application to operate, display, and send data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multiplex LSG-based electrochemical platform designed for illicit-drug detection with a custom-made potentiostat device to build a complete POC platform. Each working electrode was optimized with standard solutions of AMP, COC, and BZD in the concentration range of 1.0 pg/mL−500 ng/mL. The detection limit of each illicit drug was calculated as 4.3 ng/mL for AMP, 9.7 ng/mL for BZD, and 9.0 ng/mL for COC. Healthy and MET (methamphetamine) patient saliva samples were used for the clinical study. The multiplex LSG sensor was able to detect target analytes in real saliva samples successfully. This multiplex detection device serves the role of a practical and affordable alternative to conventional drug-detection methods by combining multiple drug detections in one portable platform.

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