Stimulants for impulsive violence in schizophrenia spectrum disordered women: a case series and brief review

Skoretz, Philip; Tang, Chin Pei

doi:10.1017/s1092852915000796

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…While each of these NDDS has some unique behavioral features, they can also share behavioral impairments, such as alterations in social functioning, impulsivity, and executive function deficits [29,[334][335][336][337][338][339][340][341][342][343][344][345][346][347][348][349]. Cognitive/executive function deficits are also common in NDGDS (AD [350,351], PD [352,353], MS [354][355][356][357], ALS [358][359][360][361][362]), as are alterations in social behaviors [363][364][365] and manifestations of impulsive-like behaviors [366][367][368][369][370].…”

Section: Shared Features Of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Neurodeg...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution-Related Brain Metal Dyshomeostasis as a Potential Risk Factor for Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020

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Increasing evidence links air pollution (AP) exposure to effects on the central nervous system structure and function. Particulate matter AP, especially the ultrafine (nanoparticle) components, can carry numerous metal and trace element contaminants that can reach the brain in utero and after birth. Excess brain exposure to either essential or non-essential elements can result in brain dyshomeostasis, which has been implicated in both neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs; autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and neurodegenerative diseases (NDGDs; Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). This review summarizes the current understanding of the extent to which the inhalational or intranasal instillation of metals reproduces in vivo the shared features of NDDs and NDGDs, including enlarged lateral ventricles, alterations in myelination, glutamatergic dysfunction, neuronal cell death, inflammation, microglial activation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered social behaviors, cognitive dysfunction, and impulsivity. Although evidence is limited to date, neuronal cell death, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are reproduced by numerous metals. Understanding the specific contribution of metals/trace elements to this neurotoxicity can guide the development of more realistic animal exposure models of human AP exposure and consequently lead to a more meaningful approach to mechanistic studies, potential intervention strategies, and regulatory requirements.

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