Stimulating a hyper memory: A single case TMS study on an individual with Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory

Talbot, Jessica J.; Gatti, Daniele; Mitaritonna, Danilo; Marchetti, Michela; Convertino, Gianmarco; Mazzoni, Giuliana

doi:10.1016/j.brs.2022.08.006

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As previous neuroimaging study, Talbot et al. [56] demonstrated that the left dlPFC is related to the retrieval of autobiographical memory. Marci et al [57] have examined the autonomic nervous response to recall of autobiographical memory.…”

Section: The Relationships Between Fantasy and Shame Memorymentioning

confidence: 78%

Maladaptive fantasy predicts negatively distorted self and other mental representation: A consideration of child abuse from psycho/neuro/biological perspectives

SHIOTA,

OURA,

MATSUMOTO

2024

ESP

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Child abuse is a prevalent public health issue with one half of children worldwide experiencing some form of violence. Child abuse is associated with a myriad of impacts across the lifespan such as mental and physical illness, academic performance, and employment. For this reason, individual’s psychological functions such as emotional regulation, autobiographical memory and self, and psychological connection with others are changed by child abuse. However, to best of our knowledge, there is still much unknowns about the mechanism underlying these changes. In this article, we focusing on the relationships between fantasy and metacognition and its biological and neurological bases, and functional change of them caused by child abuse. Then, we also explain the effects of them for other psychological function in abused individual. In case of child abuse, there is suggests that children immerse themselves fantastic world in order to escape from the tragic experiences that are repeated on a daily living by the caregiver. In this process, functions that recognize the real world, such as metacognition, not functioning. Rather, there is consider that children refuse to develop metacognition in order to avoid realizing the truth of the real world. As results, it does not seem to develop child’s emotional regulative function such as metacognition. The experience of being continuously hurt by a caregiver and the image of being hurt are thought to change to maladaptive fantasy or autobiographical shame memory. Then, both maladaptive fantasy and autobiographical shame memory are lead to formed negatively distorted and unstable mental images of self and other. Finally, we discuss two potential new interventions such as picture book and breathing technique for abused children.

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Section: The Relationships Between Fantasy and Shame Memorymentioning

confidence: 78%

Maladaptive fantasy predicts negatively distorted self and other mental representation: A consideration of child abuse from psycho/neuro/biological perspectives

SHIOTA,

OURA,

MATSUMOTO

2024

ESP

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“…The perceived cultural importance of selected PEQ stimuli increases the likelihood that these events were initially encoded by people and thus is deemed a strong measure of whether individuals have retained or forgotten such information. Where those with normal memory have been shown to score close to zero on this task, individuals with HSAM must score a minimum of 50% (LePort et al, 2016) and some participants have been found to score over 90% accuracy (Talbot et al, 2022). Of course, the assumption that public events are known to all participants may not be fully warranted, and it might be useful to develop assessment tools, like the HMSQ (Mazzoni et al, 2019) that are more specifically tailored to individuals, to avoid failing to identify an exceptional case.…”

Section: Roi Region Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ultimate goal of understanding exceptional memory is to design therapeutic targets that could combat memory impairment. Functional neuroimaging (e.g., fMRI or functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS), neurophysiological (electroencephalography, EEG) and neuromodulation (transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS) studies on HSAM could guide researchers to discover target areas, the stimulation of which could enhance ABM (Santangelo et al, 2022; for the first HSAM short report using TMS, see Talbot et al, 2022).…”

Section: Roi Region Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM): A Systematic Review

Talbot,

Convertino,

De Marco

et al. 2024

Neuropsychol Rev

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Individuals possessing a Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM) demonstrate an exceptional ability to recall their own past, excelling most when dates from their lifetime are used as retrieval cues. Fully understanding how neurocognitive mechanisms support exceptional memory could lead to benefits in areas of healthcare in which memory plays a central role and in legal fields reliant on witnesses’ memories. Predominantly due to the rareness of the phenomenon, existing HSAM literature is highly heterogenous in its methodologies used. Therefore, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed the first systematic review on this topic, to collate the existing behavioural, neuroanatomical, and functional HSAM data. Results from the 20 experimental selected studies revealed that HSAM is categorised by rapidly retrieved, detailed and accurate autobiographical memories, and appears to avoid the normal aging process. Functional neuroimaging studies showed HSAM retrieval seems characterised by an intense overactivation of the usual autobiographical memory network, including posterior visual areas (e.g., the precuneus). Structural neuroanatomical differences do not appear to characterise HSAM, but altered hippocampal resting-state connectivity was commonly observed. We discuss theories of HSAM in relation to autobiographical encoding, consolidation, and retrieval, and suggest future directions for this research.

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“…In a neuroimaging study examining the relationship between fantasy and autobiographical memory, Young et al [43] reported that various brain regions, including the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, left orbitofrontal cortex, left dlPFC, bilateral middle temporal pole, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus and right precuneus are involved in the retrieval of autobiographical memory. Talbot et al [44] demonstrated that the left dlPFC is related to the search and retrieval of autobiographical memory. In a biological study examining the relationship between fantasy and autobiographical memory, de Moura et al [45] examined the effects of low-dose naltrexone in individuals with Alzheimer's disease.…”

Section: Fantasy and Autobiographical Memory And Its Neurological And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Chapter: Association among Fantasy, Metacognition and Autobiographical Memory in Self-Compassion during Empathy and its Psycho/Neuro/Biological Basis

Shiota

2024

Through Your Eyes - Research and New Perspectives on Empathy

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The term ‘抜苦与楽 (Bakku Yoraku)’ means to remove suffering and give comfort. In Buddhism, this word means that Buddhas and Bodhisattvas save sentient beings from suffering and provide them with happiness. The qualitative difference in empathy between humans and Buddha is suggested to be related to the psychological function of self-compassion. I explore fantasy, metacognition and autobiographical memory, integral components of self-compassion during empathy, from psychological, neurological and biological perspectives. I discuss the possibility of using a picture book as an intervention for fostering fantasy. To create a new picture book, I must understand the percentages of adjectives, verbs and nouns used in the world’s most-read books. Subsequently, a new word is coined. A fantasy story is created using these words. This story should evoke warm and positive emotions, such as the Holy Bible or Buddhist scriptures. The narration of the story must be created from 1st person perspective. I hope that this article will be helpful to researchers, educators and clinicians seeking a peaceful future.

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Stimulating a hyper memory: A single case TMS study on an individual with Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Maladaptive fantasy predicts negatively distorted self and other mental representation: A consideration of child abuse from psycho/neuro/biological perspectives

Maladaptive fantasy predicts negatively distorted self and other mental representation: A consideration of child abuse from psycho/neuro/biological perspectives

Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM): A Systematic Review

Perspective Chapter: Association among Fantasy, Metacognition and Autobiographical Memory in Self-Compassion during Empathy and its Psycho/Neuro/Biological Basis

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