Nanotechnology is a highly prioritized area on the global scientific agenda. Research into nanotechnology has become part of various scientific disciplines due to its ability to control structures and materials at nanometer scale. This paper analyzes the nanoscientific output of traditional disciplines and their reference citations across disciplines. It attempts to explore the dynamics of nanotechnology research conflation within the nanotechnology system of innovation in Japan. The key factors in nanoscience, technology and innovation management are further studied. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are adopted, which creates a more solid foundation for exploring the trends in the evolution of this technology. This study offers a useful insight for science and technology policymakers as well as for academic practitioners in science and technical fields in managing the emerging technological systems.ANOTECHNOLOGY CONFORMS to a pattern of science-based innovation, where an important revolution in analytical instruments (e.g. scanning tunneling microscope (STM), atomic force microscope (AFM)), preceding discoveries and subsequent technological advancement (Rosenberg, 1982) stimulated the exploration of nanoscale structures and development of nanoscale technologies. By definition, nanotechnology is concerned with materials and systems at nano-scale 1 whose structures and components exhibit novel and significantly improved physical, chemical and biological properties due to the nanodimensions (National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), 2002). With its ability to control material properties, manipulate and fabricate structures, nanotechnology research has spread out across scientific disciplines and technical fields. Nanotechnology thus enables us to design and manufacture components, devices and systems that are far more efficient than the existing ones. Following in the footsteps of the information and communications technologies (ICT) and biotechnology, nanotechnology stands for the engine of economic growth since most industrialized countries push increased public and private research and development (R&D) funding into this field. This emerging technology has the power to transform healthcare, energy, electronics, manufacturing, transportation and national security by the incredible nanobased applications that are being developed 2 (NSTC, 2006).
Emergence of nanotechnology researchThe rise of the concept of nanotechnology was laid out by the physicist Richard Feynman's historic talk, 'There's plenty of room at the bottom', which was given at California Institute of Technology in 1959. He suggested that the frontiers of knowledge and technology at which people should aiming could be found not only in physics but also in nanosized N Nazrul Islam