Stimulation and inhibition of reticulum contractions, rumination and parotid secretion from the forestomach of conscious sheep

The rate of flow and composition of various salivary secretions in sheep and calves

“…The salivary ducts were cannulated by the method described by Ash & Kay (1959). It 516 R. N. B. KAY was found that the parotid cannula and collecting tube offered little resistance to the flow of saliva.…”

Parotid secretion daily patterns and measurement with ultrasonic flow probes in conscious sheep

“…Many authors have used Denton's permanent unilateral fistulation technique , in which the oral end of the duct is explanted into a skin fold hanging from the cheek to create a fistula (Somers, 1961 b;Wilson, 1963b;Wilson & Tribe, 1963;Tomas, Moir & Somers, 1967;Doyle, Egan & Thalen, 1982;Patterson, Brightling & Titchen, 1982). Alternative procedures have been described in which a cannula is fitted into the duct at the masseter surface Obara & Shimbayashi, 1979) or through its oral papilla (Ash & Kay, 1959;Kay, 1960;Tribe & Peel, 1963;Gonzalez & Grovum, 1993). Re-entrant cannulations (unilateral or bilateral) at the masseter surface (Stewart & Stewart, 1961;Tomas, 1973;Beal, 1974;Carr & Titchen, 1978;Patterson et al 1982) or through the oral end of the duct (Carter & Grovum 1988;Carter, Allen & Grovum, 1990a;Carter, Grovum & Greenberg, 1990b), enabling return of saliva to the mouth, have also been widely used.…”

The development of parotid salivary secretion in young goats

“…The onset of ruminal digestion introduces nervous and possibly humoral factors which may augment self-differentiation (Borghese, 1950) and inductive processes in determining the rate of growth and differentiation of the parotid gland. The chewing of solid food, rumination and the presence of digesta in the forestomach will cause reflex stimulation of the parotid gland from the sensory areas of the mouth, oesophagus and forestomach (Clark & Weiss, 1952;Kay 1958b; Ash & Kay, 1959) that will have been almost wholly lacking when only milk was consumed. The existence of a humoral factor influencing parotid secretion was claimed by Krinitsin (1940), who showed that the rate of secretion of the denervated parotid gland declines little in calves that are fed normally but almost ceased in calves that fasted for 5 days following bilateral vagotomy.…”

“…In four of the older goats one parotid gland was cannulated under Nembutal (pentobarbitone; Abbott Laboratories) anaesthesia by the method described by Ash & Kay (1959) on the day before the acute experiment. The following morning, before the induction of anaesthesia, each goat was placed in a recording stand and two samples of saliva were collected, the first immediately before feeding and the second while the goat was eating mixed meals.…”