Stimulation of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages with lipopolysaccharide, interferon-ɣ, Interleukin-4 or Interleukin-13 does not induce detectable changes in nitric oxide or arginase activity

Abstract

BackgroundBacterial lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ stimulation of rodent macrophages in vitro induces up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, whereas interleukin-4 stimulation results in increased activity of arginase-1. Thus different stimulants result in differing macrophage phenotypes, appropriate for responses to a range of pathogens. The current study was conducted in order to determine whether bovine macrophages derived from monocytes and spleen respond similarly.ResultsLipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ did not induce detectable increases in nitric oxide production by bovine monocyte-derived or splenic macrophages in vitro. Similarly, interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 did not affect arginase activity. However, changes in transcription of genes coding for these products were detected.ConclusionDifferences between macrophage activation patterns exist between cattle and other species and these differences may occur during the post-transcription phase.

Transcriptional Analyses Identify Genes That Modulate Bovine Macrophage Response to Toxoplasma Infection and Immune Stimulation

“…Bovine macrophages are known to secrete significantly more NO in response to LPS than sheep and pigs, which are susceptible to Toxoplasma , LPS (Jungi et al, 1996 ; Young et al, 2018 ), suggesting that species-specific differences in susceptibility to Toxoplasma is due to differences in NO production. Although parasite growth was significantly restricted in stimulating bovine BMDMs with IFNγ-stimulated bovine BMDMs, IFNγ, on it's own, did not induce NO in bovine BMDMs, which is consistent with previous observations (Denis et al, 2005 ; Young et al, 2018 ; Imrie and Williams, 2019 ). In fact, intracellular parasite burden in IFNγ- and IFNγ+LPS-stimulated BMDMs were similar, despite the latter secreting significantly more NO.…”

Fasciola hepatica products can alter the response of bovine immune cells to Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis

“…A recent study reported that bovine MDMs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN‐γ responded with increased transcription of the nos2 gene. However, these failed to translate into increased NO production 54 . Similarly, MDMs stimulated with PWM in the present study failed to produce NO.…”

Identification and characterization of miRNAs in spleens of sheep subjected to repetitive vaccination

“…Multiple subsets of macrophages exist in the spleen 13 and some may have important roles bridging the innate and adaptive immunity 31 . The macrophage activation states have been mainly studied in bone marrow macrophages, but spleen macrophages are also able to reprogram between the M1 and M2 activation states in mice 32 , even if differences between macrophage activation exist in livestock species 33 . The dysregulated miRNAs are candidates for further research since they might play key roles in the immune response induced by aluminium adjuvants 34 .…”