Stimulation of Carotenogenesis by Microbial Cells

Ciegler, A.; Pazola, Z.; Hall, H. H.

doi:10.1128/am.12.2.150-154.1964

Appl Microbiol

1964

DOI: 10.1128/am.12.2.150-154.1964

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Stimulation of Carotenogenesis by Microbial Cells

A. Ciegler

Z. Pazola

H. H. Hall

Abstract: Spent mycelia of Blakeslea trispora recovered from a previous fermentation enhanced carotene production by mated cultures of the same organism. Peak yields of 107 to 142 mg of carotene per 100 ml of medium were achieved in 6 days. β-Carotene constituted 92% of the total carotenoids produced. The enhancing substance was found present in an aqueous extract of the mycelium. Part of its activity was due to an organic acid fraction. Other microbial cells, molds, yeasts, and bacteria were als… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications

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Activation of the biosynthesis of carotenoids by Blakeslea trispora

Ninet¹,

Renaut²,

Tissier³

1969

Biotech & Bioengineering

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SummaryThe research carried out by several scientists has made possible the industrial preparation of B-carotene by fermentation. A fungus, Blakeslea trispora, abundantly synthesizes carotenoids when its two opposite forms are cultivated together in a special fatty medium. When ionones or other natural substances are introduced into the culture, a very obvious increase in the biosynthesis of carotenoids, more specifically of p-carotene, is obtained.Our own work has shown that: (1) several synthetic products chemically related to p-ionone, such as 2,6,6-trimethyl-l-acetylcyclohexene, can advantageously replace either partially or totally t.he ionones as inductors of the biosynthesis of p-carotene; (2) various nitrogen-containing substances when added to the culture medium can considerably enhance the biosynthesis of carotenoids while sometimes very specifically orienting it. Their action comes on top of that of the ionones or their substitutes; actually this action is unexplained.Thus certain amides, imides, lactams, hydraaides, or substituted pyridines, and in particular succinimide and isonicotinoylhydrazine, have produced a two or threefold increase in the quantity of @-carotene present in the culture media of Blakeslea trispora.Conversely some heterocyclic substances such as pyridine itself or imidazole totally inhibit the biosynthesis of 6-carotene but induce the production of very important quantities of lycopene.

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Activation of the biosynthesis of carotenoids by Blakeslea trispora

Ninet¹,

Renaut²,

Tissier³

1969

Biotech & Bioengineering

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A review of factors affecting biosynthesis of carotenoids by the order Mucorales

1985

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This is a review of factors affecting carotenogenesis by the order Mucorales which includes Phycomyces blakesleeanus, Choanephora cucurbitarum and Blakeslea trispora. The Mucorales have opposite sex types and when mated, beta-carotene production is increased 15 to 20 times. Trisporic acids are the substances produced upon mating which stimulate carotenogenesis. Structural analogs have been shown to mimic the actions of the trisporic acids. The common denominator of the stimulators is the ionone ring and the hydrocarbon side chain. Secondary metabolism is discussed as well as the use of food byproducts to stimulate, specifically, the production of beta-carotene by B. trispora.

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Environmental and cultural stimulants in the production of carotenoids from microorganisms

Bhosale

2004

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

295

169

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Commercial production of carotenoids from microorganisms competes mainly with synthetic manufacture by chemical procedures. Efficient stimulation of carotenoid biosynthesis is expected to promote accumulation of carotenoid by microbes. This review describes the variety of environmental and cultural stimulants studied during the last few decades which enhance volumetric production and cellular accumulation of commercially important carotenoids from microalgae, fungi and bacteria. Stimulation of carotenoid production by white-light illumination and temperature fluctuation is discussed along with supplementation of metal ions, salts, organic solvents, preformed precursors and several other chemicals in the culture broth. Reports on the improvements in yield are reviewed and assessed from a biotechnology point of view.

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Stimulation of Carotenogenesis by Microbial Cells

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Activation of the biosynthesis of carotenoids by Blakeslea trispora

Activation of the biosynthesis of carotenoids by Blakeslea trispora

A review of factors affecting biosynthesis of carotenoids by the order Mucorales

Environmental and cultural stimulants in the production of carotenoids from microorganisms

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