Stimulation of Immunomodulatory Factors by Bacterial Endotoxins and Nontoxic Polysaccharides

Friedman, Herman; Specter, Steven; Butler, R. Christopher

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4364-6_14

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this regard, purified bacterial cell wall products, as well as synthetic analogs of the adjuvants of such cell walls are strong immunologic stimulators and macrophage activators (5,6). A large number of studies have shown that substances such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP), widely studied as a synthetic analog of the cell wall adjuvant derived from microorganisms such as mycobacteria, activate macrophages and increase their phagocytic activity (4- 12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Muramyl Dipeptide-Induced Enhancement of Phagocytosis of Antibiotic Pretreated Escherichia coli by Macrophages

Friedman

Warren

1984

Experimental Biology and Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Treatment of mice with muramyl dipeptide, a known immunoadjuvant, resulted in marked augmentation of the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages incubated in vitro with Escherichia coli. Even greater phagocytosis occurred when the E. coli were pretreated for 2 hr with subinhibitory concentrations of the semisynthetic penicillins cyclacillin or ampicillin, but not penicillin G to which they were resistant. The antibiotic-pretreated E. coli were more rapidly ingested by the macrophages derived from MDP-treated mice as compared to similar cells from normal mice. Optimum augmentation of phagocytosis of untreated or antibioticpretreated E. coli occurred 2 to 3 days after administration of MDP to the mice. Similar augmentation of phagocytosis occurred by treating cultures of peritoneal macrophages from normal mice in vitro with MDP prior to incubation with the antibiotic-pretreated bacteria. These results indicate that macrophages from MDP stimulated mice interact with antibiotic-pretreated bacteria to a greater extent than with untreated E. coli, resulting in increased phagocytosis and killing of the bacteria. 366

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Muramyl Dipeptide-Induced Enhancement of Phagocytosis of Antibiotic Pretreated Escherichia coli by Macrophages

Friedman

Warren

1984

Experimental Biology and Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Enhancers of nonspecific immunity induce nitric oxide synthase: Induction does not correlate with toxicity or adjuvancy

1992

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A range of bacterial products and related synthetic compounds, either alone or in combination, enhance nonspecific resistance to infection and tumors. These compounds, which vary in their other properties such as pyrogenicity, toxicity and adjuvancy, were used to assess the hypothesis that nonspecific resistance is mediated by induction of the L-arginine: nitric oxide (NO) pathway. The results obtained show that agents which stimulate nonspecific immunity, such as endotoxin, muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and combinations of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) with either trehalose dimycolate (TDM) or MDP cause a substantial induction of Ca(2+)-independent NO synthase in murine lung. In contrast, agents which do not stimulate nonspecific resistance, such as either MPL or TDM alone or threonyl MDP (ThrMDP), do not induce NO synthase. This difference in the ability of MDP and ThrMDP to induce NO synthase in the lung in vivo was also manifest in peritoneal macrophages in vivo as well as being evident in the greater than 100-fold greater potency of MDP in inducing the enzyme in vitro in lung slices. In contrast to the good correlation between induction of NO synthase and induction of nonspecific resistance, no correlation was observed with either the toxic effects of these agents or their adjuvancy.

show abstract

Implications for Immunotherapy of Viral Infections

Lopez‐Cepero

Specter

Hadden

1989

Virus-Induced Immunosuppression

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stimulation of Immunomodulatory Factors by Bacterial Endotoxins and Nontoxic Polysaccharides

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Muramyl Dipeptide-Induced Enhancement of Phagocytosis of Antibiotic Pretreated Escherichia coli by Macrophages

Muramyl Dipeptide-Induced Enhancement of Phagocytosis of Antibiotic Pretreated Escherichia coli by Macrophages

Enhancers of nonspecific immunity induce nitric oxide synthase: Induction does not correlate with toxicity or adjuvancy

Implications for Immunotherapy of Viral Infections

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About