Stimulation of macrophages by Bacillus firmus : production of nitric oxide and cytokines

Zı́dek, Zdeňek; Tučková, Ludmila; Mára, M; Barot‐Ciorbaru, R.; Prokešová, L.; Tlaskalová‐Hogenová, Helena

doi:10.1016/s0192-0561(98)00025-3

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a plays an important role in the immune defence mechanisms against certain pathogens [11], [12]. Since there is an intimate and causal relationship between the stimulation of this pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated macrophages and the triggered NO production [13], the influence of gallic acid treatment on TNF-a mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 cells was next investigated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression Profiles of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Cytokines inLeishmania major-Infected Macrophage-Like RAW 264.7 Cells Treated with Gallic Acid

Radtke¹,

Kiderlen²,

Kayser³

et al. 2004

Planta med

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The effects of gallic acid on the gene expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-alpha, and interferon (IFN)-gamma were investigated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The experiments were performed in parallel in non-infected and in L. major-infected RAW 264.7 cells and the expression profiles were compared with those mediated by IFN-gamma plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The infection per se induced the expression first of IL-1 and TNF-alpha mRNA, later that of IL-10 mRNA. Gallic acid induced low and transient levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 in non-infected cells, and it clearly enhanced and prolonged iNOS and cytokine mRNA expressions in Leishmania-parasitised cells. Interestingly, and in contrast to activation by IFN-gamma/LPS, gallic acid also stimulated Leishmania-infected cells to produce IFN-gamma mRNA. For IFN-alpha, a sandwich immunoassay was performed to determine its amount present in the supernatant of gallic acid-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In showing predominant stimulation of infected cells and the induction especially of IFN-gamma, a cytokine that plays a central role in antimicrobial macrophage and T cell regulation, these data provide the basis for an immunological concept of gallic acid and possibly other plant polyphenols for their beneficial effects in various infectious conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression Profiles of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Cytokines inLeishmania major-Infected Macrophage-Like RAW 264.7 Cells Treated with Gallic Acid

Radtke¹,

Kiderlen²,

Kayser³

et al. 2004

Planta med

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“…27,28) Since there is an intimate and causal relationship between the stimulation of this pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated macrophages and the triggered NO production, 29) it appeared meaningful to examine the inducing potential of 1-17 for the release of the cytokine, TNF-a. This factor was assayed by a protocol of spectrophotometrically determining the relative amount of viable L929 cells, treated with supernatant cultures of sample-activated RAW cells; the cytopathic effect of TNF present in these supernatants being reflected by cell lysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proanthocyanidins and Related Compounds: Antileishmanial Activity and Modulatory Effects on Nitric Oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor-.ALPHA.-Release in the Murine Macrophage-Like Cell Line RAW 264.7.

Kolodziej

Kayser

Kiderlen

et al. 2001

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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A series of 17 proanthocyanidins and structurally related compounds was tested for activity against Leishmania donovani amastigotes and promastigotes in vitro. Most of the polyphenols significantly inhibited the intracellular survival of L. donovani amastigotes (EC 50 0.8-10.6 nM) when compared with the antileishmanial drug Pentostam ® (EC 50 10.6 nM), but all were inactive against the extracellular form (EC 50 7.8 to Ͼ86 nM). Noteworthy is that all compounds exhibited only moderate or no cytotoxicity against the murine host cells (EC 50 7.8 to Ͼ56 nM; Ͼ25 m mg/ml). These polyphenols were further evaluated for immunomodulatory effects on macrophage functions, including release of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-a a (TNF) and interferon (IFN)-like properties using several functional assays. The results showed that all compounds induced murine RAW 264.7 cells only moderately to release NO (7-26 m mM) relative to the reference stimulus IFN-g g/LPS (119 m mM). The TNF-inducing potential of the polyphenols producing 50% lysis in murine L929 cells ranged from absent to 138 U/ml at the host cell subtoxic concentration of 50 m mg/ml. The highest TNF-inducing activity was associated with those flavan-3-ols with galloyl groups (98-127 U/ml). For proanthocyanidins, it appeared that an increase in the flavanyl chain length did not enhance the induction of TNF-release (32-86 U/ml and below detection limits for oligomers and polymers, respectively). With interferon-like activities, phylloflavan and a prodelphinidin polymer showed appreciable cytoprotective effects, as reflected by the inhibition of the cytopathic effect of encephalomyocarditis virus on L929 fibroblast cells (38 and 36 U/ml, respectively). All remaining compounds displayed only negligible or moderate protective effects at subtoxic concentrations up to 25 m mg/ml (Ͻ5 to 12 U/ml). These results indicate that proanthocyanidins and related compounds have favorable antileishmanial activity in vitro and might be considered as beneficial immunological response modifiers provided there are no bioavailability problems.

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“…Our studies of immuno-modulating properties of microorganisms revealed that the G+ bacterium B. firmus has pronounced immuno-stimulatory properties and, live or dead, it is harmless to mice in vivo; in addition, even high doses of inactivated bacterium do not suppress the viability of cells in culture [4][5][6][7][8]. Excellent adjuvant properties of this bacterium, which were proved in immunization of mice with ovalbumin via the respiratory tract [22] were confirmed in the intratracheal immunization of mice against type B influenza virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An extensive screening performed several years ago [4] showed that Bacillus firmus (BF), a non-pathogenic and non-toxigenic G+ bacterium of the environment, exceeds other G+ bacteria in its ability to stimulate anti-infectious immunity during experimental listeria infection in mice. Later, we showed stimulatory effects of BF on macrophage and lymphocyte activation in mice [5][6][7][8] and on anti-tumor activity in rats [9]. We used BF also for mucosal immunization with a model antigen ovalbumin, and found strong adjuvant effects of BF on antibody production, especially in the case of immunization via the respiratory tract [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response after adjuvant mucosal immunization of mice with inactivated influenza virus

et al. 2005

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Stimulation of macrophages by Bacillus firmus : production of nitric oxide and cytokines

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Gene Expression Profiles of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Cytokines inLeishmania major-Infected Macrophage-Like RAW 264.7 Cells Treated with Gallic Acid

Gene Expression Profiles of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Cytokines inLeishmania major-Infected Macrophage-Like RAW 264.7 Cells Treated with Gallic Acid

Proanthocyanidins and Related Compounds: Antileishmanial Activity and Modulatory Effects on Nitric Oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor-.ALPHA.-Release in the Murine Macrophage-Like Cell Line RAW 264.7.

Immune response after adjuvant mucosal immunization of mice with inactivated influenza virus

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