Stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis by the aqueous extract of <i>Panax ginseng</i> root in RAW 264.7 cells

Friedl, Roswitha; Moeslinger, Thomas; Kopp, Brigitte; Spieckermann, P. G.

doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704425

Cited by 57 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Finally, in some cases CAMs can induce NO in unstimulated macrophages [66]. For example, ginseng can induce iNOS in resting macrophages [67]; a finding consistent with the understanding that ginseng boosts immune cell function in healthy individuals. Therefore, many of these CAMs will have differing effects depending on whether they are used in healthy people, or people with autoimmune, reactive species overload diseases.…”

Section: Dietary Cams Target No and Other Players In Inflammationsupporting

confidence: 61%

Nitric oxide as a target of complementary and alternative medicines to prevent and treat inflammation and cancer

Hofseth

2008

Cancer Letters

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Nitric oxide (NO) and associated reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are involved in many physiological functions. There has been an ongoing debate to whether RNS can inhibit or perpetuate chronic inflammation and associated carcinogenesis. Although the final outcome depends on the genetic make-up of its target, the surrounding microenvironment, the activity and localization of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, and overall levels of NO/RNS, evidence is accumulating that in general, RNS drive inflammation and cancers associated with inflammation. To this end, many complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) that work in chemoprevention associated with chronic inflammation, are inhibitors of excessive NO observed in inflammatory conditions. Here we review recent literature outlining a role of NO/RNS in chronic inflammation and cancer, and point toward NO as one of several targets for the success of CAMs in treating chronic inflammation and cancer associated with this inflammation.

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Section: Dietary Cams Target No and Other Players In Inflammationsupporting

confidence: 61%

Nitric oxide as a target of complementary and alternative medicines to prevent and treat inflammation and cancer

Hofseth

2008

Cancer Letters

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“…Tomada et al (73) demonstrated that an acidic polysaccharide, which was isolated from the root of Paeonia lactiflora pallas exhibited reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test and anti-complementary activity. As nitric oxide plays an important role in immune function, Friedl et al (74) revealed that Panax ginseng treatment could modulate several aspects of host immune defense mechanisms due to stimulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase.…”

Section: Anti-oxidative Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunopharmaceutical Effects and Mechanisms of Herb Medicine

Huang¹,

Lin

Liao

et al. 2008

Cell Mol Immunol

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In recent years, studies on evaluation of the therapeutic and toxic activity of herbal medicinal products became available and popular. The advances in modern biotechnology have led to discovery of many new active constituents. However, it is a constant challenge to establish the pharmacological basis for efficacy and safety of herbal medicinal products. A better understanding of the effects and bioavailability of phytopharmaceuticals can help in discovering suitable and rational therapies. In this review, we present the bioavailability studies in immune system that has been conducted for some of the more important or widely used phytopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, various new drug targets worthy of using for drug development in immunomodulating herbal medicine area and their regulatory mechanisms are also discussed. Adverse effects, drug interactions, and contraindications are also discussed which show that caution should be exercised when combining phytopharmaceuticals with chemically derived pharmaceutical components. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2008;5(1):23-31.

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“…As the concentration of PLE is increased, there was a corresponding increase in the production of NO. In a study conducted by Friedl et al (2001), the polysaccharide components from ginseng (Panax ginseng) roots were responsible for NO stimulation and not due to its other components (e.g. triterpenes) which did not show any NO stimulation until further confirmatory experiments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ANTIOXIDANT AND IMMUNOSTIMULATING ACTIVITY OF POLYSACCHARIDES EXTRACTED FROM CUBED-SNAILFISH (<i>Liparis tessellatus</i> Gilbert & Burke, 1912) EGGS

Ticar

Rohmah

et al. 2015

KLS

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An optimized enzymatic extraction using protamex™ was established for polysaccharides from Liparis tesellatus eggs (PLE). Total sugars, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, uronic acids, and hexosamines content of PLE were 43.2%, 9.0%, 23.9%, and 1.73%, respectively. Superoxide radical (SOx*) scavenging activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) scavenging activity of PLE was tested to proof its antioxidant properties. Results on SOx* scavenging activity revealed that PLE has antioxidant activity although it's not surpass the activity of Ascorbic acid as standard. DPPH* scavenging activity showed that PLE has activity increasing at a concentration-dependent manner. However, at 1.25 mg/ml, the anti-DPPH activities of PLE lowered, possibly due to the pro-oxidant action of the sample. PLE also has effects on NO production of RAW 264.7 cells, suggestive of their possible immunostimulating potential in the human body. On human keratinocyte (HaCaT cell line), HT29 and AGS cells lines, PLE was proofed has no toxicity and showed proliferative effects. This effect showed that PLE could have potency as wound healing promoter. An inference can be made that, PLE has indispensable antioxidant potencies as well as cell proliferating activities on specific cell lines which are deemed necessary in the field of medicine and their utilization as functional food supplements.

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Stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis by the aqueous extract of Panax ginseng root in RAW 264.7 cells

Cited by 57 publications

References 44 publications

Nitric oxide as a target of complementary and alternative medicines to prevent and treat inflammation and cancer

Nitric oxide as a target of complementary and alternative medicines to prevent and treat inflammation and cancer

The Immunopharmaceutical Effects and Mechanisms of Herb Medicine

ANTIOXIDANT AND IMMUNOSTIMULATING ACTIVITY OF POLYSACCHARIDES EXTRACTED FROM CUBED-SNAILFISH (<i>Liparis tessellatus</i> Gilbert & Burke, 1912) EGGS

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