Stimulation of Root Formation by Thiol Compounds

Abstract

<jats:p>Root formation in shoot cuttings of soybean (<jats:italic>Glycine max</jats:italic> L. `Williams'), mungbean (<jats:italic>Phaseolus aureas</jats:italic> Mdlbg.), English ivy (<jats:italic>Hedera helix</jats:italic> L.), and apple <jats:italic>(Malus</jats:italic> ×<jats:italic>domestica</jats:italic> Borkh. `Jork 9') was stimulated by dithiothreitol and reduced glutathione in the presence and absence of auxin (IAA) shock. In soybean, in the absence of auxin, root formation was stimulated to about the same extent by glutathione alone as with auxin alone. The roots induced by thiol compounds were longer than roots induced by auxin shock and were completely normal in appearance. Roots produced with auxin shock alone were short and exhibited characteristic auxin-induced deformations. With a combination treatment of auxin shock and thiol compounds, roots were more numerous than with either alone, somewhat longer than with auxin alone, and exhibited fewer of the usual deformations characteristic of roots grown in the presence of external auxins. The thiol compounds also were beneficial for rooting <jats:italic>Malus</jats:italic> shoots propagated from callus in vitro. The thiol compounds were most beneficial with older cuttings where auxin shock was often insufficient to obtain roots. In shoots where rooting was stimulated by thiol agents, shoots grew more rapidly than in those where rooting was induced by auxin shock alone. These findings suggest a use for thiol compounds alone or in combination with auxin shock to induce differentiation of root primordia as well as for stimulation of root growth. Chemical name used: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).</jats:p>

L-GLUTATHIONE-REDUCED ENHANCES IN VITRO ROOTING OF APPLE ROOTSTOCK MM106 (Malus domestica Borkh.)

“…The inclusion of 10 μM GSH to the medium gave the best results regarding root number and root length of MM106 apple microshoots while 25 μM GSH led to the highest rooting percentage. Similar results were obtained by Auderset et al (1996) in micropropagated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh. 'Jork 9') shoots derived from callus where 25-100 μM GSH augmented the percentage of rooted explants while root number was increased in the 50-75 μM GSH concentration range.…”

“…Our results are in agreement with those obtained by Nomura et al (1998), who found that 100 μM GSH improved the development of isolated shoot tips of apple. Similarly, in soybean, 100 μM GSH increased shoot length both in the presence and absence of IAA shock alone (Auderset et al 1996). Positive effects of GSH on shoot length were also reported for green onion (Allium cepa L., cv.…”

“…), English ivy (Hedera helix L.), and apple (Malus x domestica Borkh. 'Jork 9') was stimulated by GSH in the presence and absence of auxin (IAA: indole-3-acetic acid) shock (Auderset et al 1996). However, no root regeneration in MM106 apple vitroplants occurred in the absence of GSH from the MS containing NAA medium.…”

“…However, no root regeneration in MM106 apple vitroplants occurred in the absence of GSH from the MS containing NAA medium. According to Auderset et al (1996), root number was positively influenced when 100 μM GSH were used simultaneously with IAA in both soybean and mungbean (P. aureas Mdlbg.) cuttings.…”

Urea derivatives on the move: cytokinin‐like activity and adventitious rooting enhancement depend on chemical structure

“…1992; Pawlicki & Welander 1995), polyamines (Rugini et al. 1993) or thiol compounds (Auderset et al. 1996, 1997).…”