Stimulation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza by fungicides or rhizosphere bacteria

Functional characterization of a C-4 sterol methyl oxidase from the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices

“…Investigations onto the effect of commercial preparations of morpholine fungicides on mycorrhizal plants have been performed in pot cultures and in the field. The obtained results were often not comparable (Dodd and Jeffries, 1989;Schweiger et al, 2001;Sancholle et al, 2001;Kjoller and Rosendahl, 2000;Schreiner and Bethlenfalvay, 1997;Nemec, 1985;Kling and Jakobsen, 1997;von Alten et al, 1993), most likely due to the lack of a standardized method, the diversity of formulation, concentrations and modes of application of fungicides and, perhaps the difference in sensitivity of the fungal and plants symbionts.…”

Rhizobial Nodulation Factors Stimulate Mycorrhizal Colonization of Nodulating and Nonnodulating Soybeans

“…Stimulation of mycorrhiza formation by flavonoids and fungicides as well as by other microorganisms has been reported Singh et al, 1991;Siqueira et al, 1991;von Alten et al, 1993). Synergistic effects of rhizobia on mycorrhiza were thought to be nutritional and restricted to the stage of nitrogen fixation.…”

Differential effects of fenpropimorph and fenhexamid, two sterol biosynthesis inhibitor fungicides, on arbuscular mycorrhizal development and sterol metabolism in carrot roots

“…Many studies on the effects of SBI fungicides on mycorrhizal plants have been conducted and gave contradictory results on the plant growth, on AM fungal development (root colonization, sporulation, germination), or on the functioning of symbiosis (Dodd and Jeffries, 1989;Von Alten et al, 1993;Schweiger and Jakobsen, 1998;Kjoller and Rosendahl, 2000;Schweiger et al, 2001).…”