Stimulation Parameters Define the Effectiveness of Burst Spinal Cord Stimulation in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain

Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation in Experimental Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Burst vs. Conventional Stimulation Paradigm

“…The motor thresholds necessary to evoke contractions of the hind paws of the animals were lower for Burst‐DRGS than Con‐DRGS in our study, albeit not significant. This is in line with preclinical findings that Burst‐SCS requires significantly lower amplitudes to obtain a motor response when compared to Con‐SCS . The latter has important consequences for the stimulation amplitude, which is generally lower with Burst‐SCS when compared to Con‐SCS .…”

Conventional and Novel Spinal Stimulation Algorithms: Hypothetical Mechanisms of Action and Comments on Outcomes

“…Another recent finding is that the efficacy of burst SCS seems to relate to the electric charge per burst, at least as found in a rat model of neuropathic pain .…”

Burst and Tonic Spinal Cord Stimulation Differentially Activate GABAergic Mechanisms to Attenuate Pain in a Rat Model of Cervical Radiculopathy

“…Dorsal horn neuronal firing was quantified during mechanical stimulation of the forepaw before and after the application of either burst or tonic SCS on day 7. Since SCS has been shown to attenuate hyperexcitability of wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in the dorsal horn [30]- [32], the effects of burst and tonic SCS were specifically evaluated in WDR neurons. In a separate group of rats, the GABA B receptor antagonist, CGP35348 (n = 7), was applied to the spinal cord during application of burst and tonic SCS on day 7 after painful nerve root compression.…”

“…The motor thresholds (MT) for burst and tonic SCS were identified separately in each rat to be the stimulation intensities at which small contractions were first observed in the paraspinal musculature or forelimbs. Burst and tonic SCS parameters were chosen to match those parameters that have been used previously in preclinical and clinical studies, to enable comparison of our findings with published reports [3], [6], [11], [30]. As such, burst SCS was applied at 40 Hz at an amplitude of 90% MT, with each burst containing five pulses at a frequency of 500 Hz with a pulsewidth of 1 ms.…”

“…For each of the 1.4-g filament, 26-g filament, and pinch stimuli, a repeatedmeasures ANOVA was used to compare the number of evoked spikes between the pre-SCS baseline and evoked firing at each post-SCS time point. Changes in neuronal firing immediately (0 min) after SCS were calculated as the percent change in spikes relative to the pre-SCS baseline values [30]. For neurons in which both burst and tonic stimulation protocols were completed without losing the signal from the recorded neuron, paired Student's t-tests compared the percent changes in evoked firing immediately after burst SCS to the changes in firing after tonic SCS.…”