Stimulator of interferon gene (STING) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) are crucial for shrimp antiviral defense against WSSV infection

Amparyup, Piti; Charoensapsri, Walaiporn; Soponpong, Suthinee; Jearaphunt, Miti; Wongpanya, Ratree; Tassanakajon, Anchalee

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.016

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The first crustacean IRF-like gene was identified in Pacific white shrimp; subsequent analyses revealed that LvIRF is involved in antiviral immunity, similar to the mammalian homologs. We recently identified PmIRF and PmSTING in P. monodon and demonstrated through RNAi-mediated loss-of-function experiments that they contribute to antiviral defense in shrimp (20). The cytosolic DNA sensing pathway plays an important role in host defense.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IRF3 and IRF7 are activated by TLR3 and TLR4 signaling pathways, respectively, leading to IFN expression (25). IRF has been identified in L. vannamei (LvIRF) (26) and more recently, in P. monodon (PmIRF) (20). Like their vertebrate counterparts, LvIRF and PmIRF as well as PmDDX41 and PmSTING are activated during virus infection (26,27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ), Lv STING was shown to contribute to the innate immune response to infection by Vibrio parahaemolyticus ( 19 ). Similarly, Pm STING in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon which shared high sequence similarity to Lv STING (92%), was important for the antiviral innate response against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection ( 20 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pm DDX41 plays an important role as a cytosolic DNA sensor which interacted with STING and triggered the IFNs and NF-κB signaling pathway to activate the innate immune response ( 27 ). While, Pm STING and Pm IRF play a key role in protecting shrimp from WSSV infection ( 20 ). Moreover, silencing of Pm DDX41 caused a decrease expression of Pm STING and Pm IRF ( 20 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While, Pm STING and Pm IRF play a key role in protecting shrimp from WSSV infection ( 20 ). Moreover, silencing of Pm DDX41 caused a decrease expression of Pm STING and Pm IRF ( 20 ). As the regulation of the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathways in shrimp is not fully understood, in this study, we further characterized the function of Pm IRF in antiviral innate immunity by identifying its downstream immune-related target genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Penaeus monodon Interferon Regulatory Factor (PmIRF) Activates IFNs and Antimicrobial Peptide Expression via a STING-Dependent DNA Sensing Pathway

et al. 2022

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Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are transcription factors found in both vertebrates and invertebrates that were recently identified and found to play an important role in antiviral immunity in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which P. monodon IRF (PmIRF) regulates the immune-related genes downstream of the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway. Depletion of PmIRF by double-stranded RNA-mediated gene silencing significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of the IFN-like factors PmVago1, PmVago4, and PmVago5 and antilipopolysaccharide factor 6 (ALFPm6) in shrimp. In human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells transfected with PmIRF or co-transfected with DEAD-box polypeptide (PmDDX41) and simulator of IFN genes (PmSTING) expression plasmids, the promoter activity of IFN-β, nuclear factor (NF-κB), and ALFPm6 was synergistically enhanced following stimulation with the nucleic acid mimics deoxyadenylic–deoxythymidylic acid sodium salt [poly(dA:dT)] and high molecular weight (HMW) polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]. Both nucleic acid mimics also significantly induced PmSTING, PmIRF, and ALFPm6 gene expression. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that PmIRF interacted with PmSTING in cells stimulated with poly(dA:dT). PmSTING, PmIRF, and PmDDX41 were localized in the cytoplasm of unstimulated HEK293T cells and PmIRF and PmDDX41 were translocated to the nucleus upon stimulation with the nucleic acid mimics while PmSTING remained in the cytoplasm. These results indicate that PmIRF transduces the pathogen signal via the PmDDX41–PmSTING DNA sensing pathway to induce downstream production of interferon-like molecules and antimicrobial peptides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%