Stimuli-responsive gold nanohybrids: chemical synthesis and electrostatic directed assembly on surfaces by AFM nanoxerography

Lemonier, Stéphane; Moutet, Pierre; Moussa, Wissam; Destarac, Mathias; Ressier, Laurence; Marty, Jean‐Daniel

doi:10.1007/s13404-013-0114-9

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Conversely, if the nanocrystals have a lower polarizability than the solvent then they will be repelled from regions of high electric field gradient. Thus, metallic and most semiconducting nanocrystals are attracted by dielectrophoretic forces to the edges of charge patterns where the changes in the electrical field strength are the greatest …”

Section: Electrophoretic Deposition and Single Nanocrystal Array Assementioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Single‐Nanocrystal Arrays

2019

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two categories. The first is self-assembled, template-based nanofabrication, where a self-assembled superstructure templates the deposition of a nanomaterial. Examples of this include nanosphere lithography for hexagonal structure fabrication, [8] sol-gel structures for creating porous templates, [9] fast pyrolysis for creating hollow structures, [10] and DNA-scaffolding. [11] These template-based processes are widely used due to their simplicity, low fabrication cost, and readily controlled pattern size. However, such methods can often only be used to template a limited range of patterns and offer little control over the final nanomaterial morphology. [6a] The second category we call "arbitrary unit nanofabrication." This refers to any process that is based on a hard template, which is patterned "arbitrarily" using EBL or focused ion beam lithography (FIB). Due to the independent and deterministic fabrication of each unit, arbitrary unit nanofabrication enables the construction of more sophisticated nanostructures than soft-templated processes-in terms of dimensions, morphology, materials, and higher-order structures. Many studies have demonstrated the power of such arbitrary unit-based nanofabrication for applications such as plasmonic coupling, [12] optical and display devices, [13] and sensors. [14] Both of the above nanofabrication strategies (soft template fabrication and lithograph-based fabrication) typically produce templates through which material is deposited via top-down evaporative processes, e.g., physical vapor deposition (PVD). However, such deposition processes offer only a limited range of possible material combinations and there is no control over crystallinity and only poor control over the nanocrystal morphology. The converse is true for nanocrystals synthesized in solution where there is a high degree of control over nanocrystal size, morphology, and crystallinity. Furthermore, complex materials such as core-shell nanocrystals are impossible to make via PVD processes but are easily synthesized chemically. Therefore, combining top-down lithography nanofabrication tools with "bottom-up synthesized" nanocrystals appears to combine the best of both approaches, offering near-endless possibilities for nanofabrication and providing a robust platform for breaking the current bottlenecks in nanomaterials assembly. However, unifying both approaches introduces a range of challenges.In this review, we summarize recent progress in the directed assembly of single nanocrystals. We begin by presenting some recent developments in standard, top-down nanofabrication methods, and then we introduce various directed assembly methods for creating single nanocrystal arrays: capillary force assembly (CFA), electrostatic assembly, optical printing, DNAbased assembly, and electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Of these, the last one has the potential to become a robust, universal method for assembling single nanocrystals directly from solution.To realize the full potential of nanocrystals in nanotechnology, it is necessar...

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Section: Electrophoretic Deposition and Single Nanocrystal Array Assementioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Single‐Nanocrystal Arrays

2019

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“…Nanoxerography has been used to assemble many kinds of nanoparticles, including nanospheres, ,,− nanogels, , carbon nanotubes, Au nanowires, and even small bacteria, but it is still a challenge to apply to small molecules/ions. Electrostatic forces from charged substrates are too small to capture molecules/ions in solution, and the dielectrophoretic force of water-soluble molecules/ions is mostly repulsive due to the high dielectric constant of water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterning of Molecules/Ions via Reverse Micelle Vessels by Nanoxerography

Xing

Zhou

Wei

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Precise patterning of molecules/ions in the nanometer scale is a crucial but challenging technique for the fabrication of advanced functional nanodevices. We developed a robust method to print molecules/ions into arbitrarily defined patterns with sub-20 nm precision assisted by reverse micelles. The reverse micelle, serving as a nano-sized vessel, can load molecules/ions and then be patterned onto the predefined positions by electrostatic attraction. The number of molecules/ions on each spot, the spot spacing, and pattern shapes can be flexibly adjusted, reaching 10 nm position accuracy, 30 nm spot size, and 100 nm spot spacing (>250,000 DPI). Then, water-soluble dye molecules, protein molecules, and chloroaurate ions were loaded in the micelles and successfully patterned into nanoarrays, which provides an important platform for the convenient, flexible, and robust fabrication of functional molecule/ion-based nanodevices, such as biochips, for high-throughput and ultrasensitive analysis.

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“…For this, we use here nanoxerography by atomic force microscopy (AFM), which has recently emerged as a versatile method for colloid assembly, directly from their liquid phase onto solid substrates at predefined positions. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] This technique is a nanoscale adaptation of the industrial printing process of xerography. It uses the strong electric fields generated by charge patterns written on electret thin films by AFM to trap any charged and/or polarisable colloidal NPs on solid templates via electrostatic interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-enhanced spectroscopy on plasmonic oligomers assembled by AFM nanoxerography

et al. 2015

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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) from individual plasmonic oligomers are investigated by confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence microscopy coupled to steady state micro-spectroscopy. The nanoparticle (NP) oligomers are made of either ligand protected Au or Au@SiO2 core-shell colloidal NPs, which were assembled into ordered arrays by atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoxerography. A strong dependence of the SERS emission on the polarization of incident light relative to the specific geometry of the plasmonic oligomer was observed. The SEF studies, performed on a large collection of NP oligomers of various known configurations showed interesting fluorophore decay rate modification and red-shift of the emission spectra. The experimental results are analyzed theoretically by employing finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations on equivalent realistic structures, within the local density of optical states (LDOS) framework. The presented results, together with the proven potential of the LDOS approach as a useful common tool for analyzing both SERS and SEF effects further the general understanding of plasmon-related phenomena in nanoparticle oligomers.

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Stimuli-responsive gold nanohybrids: chemical synthesis and electrostatic directed assembly on surfaces by AFM nanoxerography

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Fabrication of Single‐Nanocrystal Arrays

Fabrication of Single‐Nanocrystal Arrays

Patterning of Molecules/Ions via Reverse Micelle Vessels by Nanoxerography

Surface-enhanced spectroscopy on plasmonic oligomers assembled by AFM nanoxerography

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