“…This phenomenon amplifies their efficacy and renders them appropriate for an extensive range of biological applications. 62,64,65 The prepared NPs were subjected to various characterizations, such as UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, zeta potential, SEM, EDS, and TEM, and were also evaluated for their potential as an anticancer, antibacterial, and photocatalytic nanomaterial, and the results are reported as follows.…”