Stimuli-responsive hydrogels for cancer immunotherapy

Abstract

Immunotherapy plays an important role in cancer treatment by activating or suppressing the immune system. However, there are still a series of challenges to overcome regarding the delivery vehicles of...

Multifunctional Ionic Hydrogel-Based Transdermal Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil for the Breast Cancer Treatment

“…Here, the hydrogel was converted into loose gel (Figure S4d). 44,45 Kuddushi and co-workers found similar observation for the amide-functionalized IL-based hydrogel as the larger aggregates were converted into smaller aggregates at higher temperature. 29 Furthermore, we applied DSC analysis to find the temperature (T g ) for gel-to-sol conversion.…”

A universal strategy to enhance photothermal conversion efficiency by regulating the molecular aggregation states for safe photothermal therapy of bacterial infections

“…Among various thermoresponsive polymers with a lower critical solution temperature, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) has attracted significant attention in biomedical research due to its reversible phase transition at a temperature near that of the human body (i.e., cloud point temperature, T cp ). [41][42][43] During this process, the hydrogen bonds between PNIPAM and water molecules are thermally disrupted to form a hydrophobic microenvironment, resulting in rapid water expulsion and significant volume contraction. [44][45][46] The temperature-triggered volume change can serve as a smart switch to reversibly regulate the aggregation states of PTAs when encapsulated within PNIPAM nanogels.…”

“…, cloud point temperature, T cp ). 41–43 During this process, the hydrogen bonds between PNIPAM and water molecules are thermally disrupted to form a hydrophobic microenvironment, resulting in rapid water expulsion and significant volume contraction. 44–46 The temperature-triggered volume change can serve as a smart switch to reversibly regulate the aggregation states of PTAs when encapsulated within PNIPAM nanogels.…”

Immunotherapy: cancer immunotherapy and its combination with nanomaterials and other therapies

“…7,8 Immunotherapy plays an essential part in the treatment of cancer by the activation or suppression of the immune system. 9 It has made breakthroughs in the therapy of malignant tumors such as melanoma, lung cancer and colorectal cancer, bringing new hope to cancer patients. 10 Tumor immunotherapy can target specific immune checkpoints on tumor cells, such as PD-L1, rather than tumor cells.…”