Stimuli Responsive Polymeric Systems for Cancer Therapy

Alsuraifi, Ali; Curtis, A. D. M.; Lamprou, Dimitrios A.; Hoskins, Clare

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics10030136

Cited by 54 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…They can be categorized according to either lower critical solution temperatures or upper critical solution temperatures. Other micelles are light-responsive or even multiresponsive [84].…”

Section: Polymer Micellesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymers and Polymer Nanocomposites for Cancer Therapy

Feldman

2019

Applied Sciences

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Synthetic polymers, biopolymers, and their nanocomposites are being studied, and some of them are already used in different medical areas. Among the synthetic ones that can be mentioned are polyolefins, fluorinated polymers, polyesters, silicones, and others. Biopolymers such as polysaccharides (chitosan, hyaluronic acid, starch, cellulose, alginates) and proteins (silk, fibroin) have also become widely used and investigated for applications in medicine. Besides synthetic polymers and biopolymers, their nanocomposites, which are hybrids formed by a macromolecular matrix and a nanofiller (mineral or organic), have attracted great attention in the last decades in medicine and in other fields due to their outstanding properties. This review covers studies done recently using the polymers, biopolymers, nanocomposites, polymer micelles, nanomicelles, polymer hydrogels, nanogels, polymersomes, and liposomes used in medicine as drugs or drug carriers for cancer therapy and underlines their responses to internal and external stimuli able to make them more active and efficient. They are able to replace conventional cancer drug carriers, with better results. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 3899 2 of 24 nanocomposites offer numerous opportunities in diverse applications, including nanocarriers, tissue engineering, antimicrobials, sensors, etc. These new groups of materials have gained significant research interest due to their novel properties, which are gained through the addition of nanofillers. Polymer nanocomposites have significant potential in disease theranostics, and nanotechnology brings great promise in cancer drug carriers [4].Chemotherapy implies the use of drugs and, besides the drugs, carriers. Common products used as carriers include synthetic polymers, biopolymers, and polymer nanocomposites.Some of the most useful drugs for chemotherapy are toxic chemicals able to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. The use of chemotherapeutic drugs has been in part hindered by their poor solubility in water, their short biological half-life, their lack of targeting ability, and the development of multidrug resistance [5]. In the last decades, nanoparticles have shown significant promise as an oncology treatment modality. Responsive polymers represent a promising class of nanoparticles that can trigger delivery through the exploitation of a specific stimuli. Response to a stimulus is one of the most basic processes found in living systems. A tutorial review highlighted the recent developments in polymer-based approaches to internally responsive nanoparticles for oncology [6].One important goal of medicine is to develop carriers that can selectively deliver anticancer drugs to tumor cells with no or minimal side effects in healthy cells [7,8].Polymers and their nanocomposites in different forms, such as micelles, hydrogels, polymersomes, and liposomes, have important potential in cancer diagnosis and treatment.Nanocomposites are popular in many areas due to properties such as their unique design capacity, eco-friendly nature, ...

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“…They can be categorized according to either lower critical solution temperatures or upper critical solution temperatures. Other micelles are light-responsive or even multiresponsive [84].…”

Section: Polymer Micellesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymers and Polymer Nanocomposites for Cancer Therapy

Feldman

2019

Applied Sciences

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“…As the ability to respond to environmental conditions is crucial for many biomedical applications, considerable efforts have been directed to the development of “smart” polymer nanoassemblies that respond to stimuli (physical, such as pH, temperature, light, magnetic field, or chemical, as for example the presence of specific molecules). Stimuli-sensitive polymersomes have emerged as delivery systems where the release of the encapsulated contents can be modulated by the stimulus (Alsuraifi et al, 2018; Kalhapure and Renukuntla, 2018; Rao et al, 2018; Wang et al, 2018a). Conceivably, stimuli-responsive release may result in significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy and minimized side effects in clinical applications (Alsuraifi et al, 2018; Yang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Present and Future Perspectives On Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomolecules Turn Self-Assembling Amphiphilic Block Co-polymer Platforms Into Biomimetic Interfaces

et al. 2019

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Biological membranes constitute an interface between cells and their surroundings and form distinct compartments within the cell. They also host a variety of biomolecules that carry out vital functions including selective transport, signal transduction and cell-cell communication. Due to the vast complexity and versatility of the different membranes, there is a critical need for simplified and specific model membrane platforms to explore the behaviors of individual biomolecules while preserving their intrinsic function. Information obtained from model membrane platforms should make invaluable contributions to current and emerging technologies in biotechnology, nanotechnology and medicine. Amphiphilic block co-polymers are ideal building blocks to create model membrane platforms with enhanced stability and robustness. They form various supramolecular assemblies, ranging from three-dimensional structures (e.g., micelles, nanoparticles, or vesicles) in aqueous solution to planar polymer membranes on solid supports (e.g., polymer cushioned/tethered membranes,) and membrane-like polymer brushes. Furthermore, polymer micelles and polymersomes can also be immobilized on solid supports to take advantage of a wide range of surface sensitive analytical tools. In this review article, we focus on self-assembled amphiphilic block copolymer platforms that are hosting biomolecules. We present different strategies for harnessing polymer platforms with biomolecules either by integrating proteins or peptides into assemblies or by attaching proteins or DNA to their surface. We will discuss how to obtain synthetic structures on solid supports and their characterization using different surface sensitive analytical tools. Finally, we highlight present and future perspectives of polymer micelles and polymersomes for biomedical applications and those of solid-supported polymer membranes for biosensing.

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“…With the rapid development of bionanotechnology recently, a nanoscale stimuli-responsive drug delivery system (DDS) has emerged and attracted more and more attention, and has been deemed to be an effective strategy to increase the drug concentration at the tumor sites and remit the unwanted side-effects of chemical anticancer drugs. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In the past years, various DDSs have been designed and developed for drug delivery, such as polymeric micelles (PMs), 25 hybrid nanoparticles (NPs), 26 metal-organic framework (MOF), 27 liposomes, 28 and liquid emulsion. 29 Generally, the chemical drugs are physically loaded in the core of the system or chemically linked on the carriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Co-Delivery of Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin by pH-Responsive Prodrug Micelles for Cancer Therapy</p>

Jiang¹,

Zhou²,

Zhang³

et al. 2020

IJN

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Background: It is of great significance to develop intelligent co-delivery systems for cancer chemotherapy with improved therapeutic efficacy and few side-effects. Materials and Methods: Here, we reported a co-delivery system based on pH-sensitive polyprodrug micelles for simultaneous delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PTX) as a combination chemotherapy with pH-triggered drug release profiles. The physicochemical properties, drug release profiles and mechanism, and cytotoxicity of PTX/DOX-PMs have been thoroughly investigated. Results and Discussion: The pH-sensitive polyprodrug was used as nanocarrier, and PTX was encapsulated into the micelles with high drug-loading content (25.6%). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was about 3.16 mg/L, indicating the system could form the micelles at low concentration. The particle size of PTX/DOX-PMs was 110.5 nm, and increased to approximately 140 nm after incubation for 5 days which showed that the PTX/DOX-PMs had high serum stability. With decrease in pH value, the particle size first increased, and thenwas no longer detectable. Similar change trend was observed for CMC values. The zetapotential increased sharply with decrease in pH. These results demonstrated the pHsensitivity of PTX/DOX-PMs. In vitro drug release experiments and study on release mechanism showed that the drug release rate and accumulative release for PTX and DOX were dependent on the pH, showing the pH-triggered drug release profiles. Cytotoxicity assay displayed that the block copolymer showed negligible cytotoxicity, while the PTX/ DOX-PMs possessed high cytotoxic effect against several tumor cell lines compared with free drugs and control. Conclusion: All the results demonstrated that the co-delivery system based on pH-sensitive polyprodrug could be a potent nanomedicine for combination cancer chemotherapy. In addition, construction based on polyprodrug and chemical drug could be a useful method to prepare multifunctional nanomedicine.

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Stimuli Responsive Polymeric Systems for Cancer Therapy

Cited by 54 publications

References 97 publications

Polymers and Polymer Nanocomposites for Cancer Therapy

Polymers and Polymer Nanocomposites for Cancer Therapy

Biomolecules Turn Self-Assembling Amphiphilic Block Co-polymer Platforms Into Biomimetic Interfaces

<p>Co-Delivery of Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin by pH-Responsive Prodrug Micelles for Cancer Therapy</p>

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