Stimuli-responsive polymers and their applications

Abstract

Responsive polymer-based materials are capable of altering their chemical and/or physical properties upon exposure to external stimuli. This review highlights their use for sensing and biosensing, drug delivery, and artificial muscles/actuators.

A new thermoresponsive polymer of poly(N-acryloylsarcosine methyl ester) with a tunable LCST

“…[1][2][3] Amongst the thermoresponsive polymers, an abundance of macromolecules exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) with a coil-to-globule transition in water solution, are probably the most investigated. To date, the LCSTtype thermoresponsive polymers can be summarized into six categories: poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) (meth)acrylate]s, [5][6][7] poly(2alkyl-2-oxazoline)s, 8,9 poly(vinyl methyl ether)s, 10,11 polypeptides, [12][13][14] N-alkyl-substituted poly(aminoethyl methacrylate)s, [15][16][17][18] and especially N-substituted poly(meth)acrylamides with a pendant of amide group.…”

Hydrogels based on N-isopropylmethacrylamide and N-isopropylacrylamide

“…After 4 repeated uses of this system, the specific enzyme activity slightly diminishes [109]. Hydrogels obtained through copolymerization of NIPAM and N-hydroxysuccinimide, and later cross-linked with polylizine can be used as membrane 7(1) (2018) [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91] immobilization systems for lipide vesicules [110]. Matsumoto et al developed new glucose-sensitive polymers responsive to physiological conditions (pH 7.4 i 37 °C) for the application in the form of a system for a selfregulating insuline injection in the treatment of diabetis melitus.…”

“…Application of copolymers based on NIPMAM and NIPAM Polymers that have the capacity to alter their chemical and physical properties when exposed to various external stimuli [89] such as pH [90], temperature [91], mechanical force [92], ionic strength, magnetic and electric field are called 'intelligent' or 'smart' polymers. Hydrogels sensitive to environmental changes have immense potential in various applications [93].…”

“…The impact shows linear dependence on the fenol concentration, the number of fenol OH groups, as well as its relative positions. Derivatives of do-7(1) (2018) [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91] pamine and amino fenols increase the phase transition temperature. Strong interactions between the molecules of dopamine are favorized, thus hindering the reactions of polymer-dopamin and leading to the crystallization of dopamine upon the removal of water.…”

Thermo-Responsive Fluorescent Polymers with Diverse LCSTs for Ratiometric Temperature Sensing through FRET

“…A variety of stimuli-responsive polymers whose properties change in response to temperature, pH, ionic strength, light, and chemical stress have been investigated [13][14][15][16][17]. Thermo-responsive polymers have been applied in the fields of sensors, catalyst supports, drug carriers, and bio-separation [18][19][20]. Thermo-responsive polymers based on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) were the most common used in these years.…”