The
size of nanocarriers strongly affects their performance in
biological systems, especially the capacity to overcome various barriers
before delivering the payloads to destinations. However, the optimum
size varies at different delivery stages in cancer therapy due to
the complicated tumor microenvironment. Relatively large particles
are favored for long-term circulation in vivo, while
smaller particles contribute to deep penetration into tumor tissues.
This dilemma in the size of particles stimulates the development of
stimuli-responsive size-shrinking nanocarriers. Herein, we report
a facile strategy to construct a tumor-triggered tannic acid (TA)
nanoassembly with improved drug delivery efficiency. Cystamine (CA),
a small molecule with a disulfide bond, is thus used to mediate TA
assembling via cooperative noncovalent interactions, which endows
the nanoassembly with intrinsic pH/GSH dual-responsiveness. The obtained
TA nanoassemblies were systematically investigated. DOX encapsulated
nanoassembly labeled TCFD NP shows high drug loading efficiency, pH/GSH-responsiveness
and significant size shrinkage from 122 to 10 nm with simultaneous
drug release. The in vitro and in vivo experimental results demonstrate the excellent biocompatibility,
sufficient intracellular delivery, enhanced tumor retention/penetration,
and superior anticancer efficacy of the small-molecule-mediated nanoassembly.
This noncovalent strategy provides a simple method to fabricate a
tumor-triggered size-changeable delivery platform to overcome biological
barriers.