Stimuli‐responsive star polymers

Kuckling, Dirk; Wycisk, Agnes

doi:10.1002/pola.26696

Cited by 77 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…In the sequence, we investigated the effect of catalyst concentration for 2@PdNPs (a bottlebrush polymer; Table 3, entries 7-11) and 5@PdNPs (a core-crosslinked star polymer nanogel with bottlebrush arms; Table 3, entries [12][13][14][15][16]. Reactions carried out in presence of 5@PdNPs catalyst system yielded near quantitative conversions for concentrations as low as 1 mol% Pd.…”

Section: Suzuki Coupling Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consisting of well-defined cross-linked nanoparticles with a water-soluble polymer at the outer shell and an either compact or swollen core, they behave as highly hydrated unimolecular single objects [13][14][15][16] (so-called nanogels) through which reactants and products of organic reactions can diffuse without big constrains. Indeed, Chen et al 14 and Zhang et al 13 formerly pointed out the use of CCS polymers as interfacial stabilizers, which affect colloidal systems to an extent intermediate between soluble polymers and colloidal particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palladium Nanoparticles within Core-Cross-Linked Polymer Gels for Suzuki Coupling Reactions: from Monomers to Ready-to-Use Catalysts in Two-Steps

Bortolotto¹,

Neumann²,

Trindade³

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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This study shows that polymer nanogels (well-defined cross-linked nanoparticles behaving as highly hydrated unimolecular objects) are suitable capping agents for palladium nanoparticle catalyst systems. In spite of the structurally complex nature of the catalysts, it was possible to go from acrylate-based monomers to ready-to-use and recyclable catalysts in only two-steps. First, nanogels were synthesized by activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) method with sequential addition of monomers. Then, in the second step, palladium acetate was reduced to obtain ready-to-use catalysts (ca. 25 nm nanogel structures containing ca. 7 nm palladium nanoparticles). The catalytic activity was confirmed in p-nitrophenol (Nip) reduction and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. The observed rate constants (k obs ) for Nip reduction were in the range of 0.8-10.0 × 10 -2 s -1 depending on the polymeric capping agent structure, with the highest value being found for nanogel-based systems. These composite catalysts also mediated the cross-coupling Suzuki reaction providing the expected products in quantitative yields under relatively mild conditions after 4 h at 50 °C. The simplicity of catalyst preparation protocol that ensures excellent activity and the low concentration of polymer applied during the synthesis are a step forward in terms of environmental and economic prospects.

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Section: Suzuki Coupling Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palladium Nanoparticles within Core-Cross-Linked Polymer Gels for Suzuki Coupling Reactions: from Monomers to Ready-to-Use Catalysts in Two-Steps

Bortolotto¹,

Neumann²,

Trindade³

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Compared with their linear counterparts, star polymers exhibit unique morphologies, properties, and functions, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] especially miktoarm star polymers. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] This is because a miktoarm star polymer combines different polymer arms into a molecule through a single core.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature‐Sensitive (BA)(AC)₂ Miktoarm Star Diblock Copolymer Based on PMMA, PPEGMA, and PNIPAm

Zhu

Liu

Xiao

et al. 2016

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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A well-defi ned (BA)(AC) 2 miktoarm star diblock copolymer, (PPEGMA 32 -b -PMMA 41 )-b -(PMMA 45 -b -PNIPAm 19 ) 2 , is synthesized by the combination of ATRP and click reaction. The miktoarm star block copolymer and its precursors are characterized by means of NMR and SEC/MALLS measurements. The copolymer exhibits a low critical aggregation concentration in aqueous solution. Micelles that self-assemble from the copolymer are prepared in aqueous solution below 15 °C by a sonication method. The micelles have a PMMA core and a PPEGMA/PNIPAm corona and exhibit temperature sensitivity. Using celecoxib as a guest molecule, it is found that the loading capacity of the star copolymer is 8.8 wt% and the celecoxib release from the loaded self-assembly is temperature tunable.

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“…Nevertheless, for a discussion of star polymer preparation using other techniques, the reader is referred to several excellent review articles. [6,12,13] Recently, coupling linear polymeric chains to a multifunctional core using highly efficient coupling chemistry such as click chemistry has also been demonstrated, in particular for the synthesis of miktoarm star polymers. [14] In the paragraphs that follow, we summarize the synthesis of star polymers via RAFT polymerization using either a core-first or arm-first approach.…”

Section: The Preparation Of Star Polymers Via Raft Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Star Polymers by RAFT Polymerization as Versatile Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Qiao

Whittaker

et al. 2017

Aust. J. Chem.

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The precise control of polymer chain architecture has been made possible by developments in polymer synthesis and conjugation chemistry. In particular, the synthesis of polymers in which at least three linear polymeric chains (or arms) are tethered to a central core has yielded a useful category of branched architecture, so-called star polymers. Fabrication of star polymers has traditionally been achieved using either a core-first technique or an arm-first approach. Recently, the ability to couple polymeric chain precursors onto a functionalized core via highly efficient coupling chemistry has provided a powerful new methodology for star synthesis. Star syntheses can be implemented using any of the living polymerization techniques using ionic or living radical intermediates. Consequently, there are innumerable routes to fabricate star polymers with varying chemical composition and arm numbers. In comparison with their linear counterparts, star polymers have unique characteristics such as low viscosity in solution, prolonged blood circulation, and high accumulation in tumour regions. These advantages mean that, far beyond their traditional application as rheology control agents, star polymers may also be useful in the medical and pharmaceutical sciences. In this account, we discuss recent advances made in our laboratory focused on star polymer research ranging from improvements in synthesis through to novel applications of the product materials. Specifically, we examine the core-first and arm-first preparation of stars using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Further, we also discuss several biomedical applications of the resulting star polymers, particularly those made by the arm-first protocol. Emphasis is given to applications in the emerging area of nanomedicine, in particular to the use of star polymers for controlled delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, protein inhibitors, signalling molecules, and siRNA. Finally, we examine possible future developments for the technology and suggest the further work required to enable clinical applications of these interesting materials.

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Stimuli‐responsive star polymers

Cited by 77 publications

References 110 publications

Palladium Nanoparticles within Core-Cross-Linked Polymer Gels for Suzuki Coupling Reactions: from Monomers to Ready-to-Use Catalysts in Two-Steps

Palladium Nanoparticles within Core-Cross-Linked Polymer Gels for Suzuki Coupling Reactions: from Monomers to Ready-to-Use Catalysts in Two-Steps

Temperature‐Sensitive (BA)(AC)₂ Miktoarm Star Diblock Copolymer Based on PMMA, PPEGMA, and PNIPAm

Synthesis of Star Polymers by RAFT Polymerization as Versatile Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

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Stimuli‐responsive star polymers

Cited by 77 publications

References 110 publications

Palladium Nanoparticles within Core-Cross-Linked Polymer Gels for Suzuki Coupling Reactions: from Monomers to Ready-to-Use Catalysts in Two-Steps

Palladium Nanoparticles within Core-Cross-Linked Polymer Gels for Suzuki Coupling Reactions: from Monomers to Ready-to-Use Catalysts in Two-Steps

Temperature‐Sensitive (BA)(AC)2 Miktoarm Star Diblock Copolymer Based on PMMA, PPEGMA, and PNIPAm

Synthesis of Star Polymers by RAFT Polymerization as Versatile Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

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Temperature‐Sensitive (BA)(AC)₂ Miktoarm Star Diblock Copolymer Based on PMMA, PPEGMA, and PNIPAm