Stimulus Control and Drug Effects

Thompson, Donald M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3967-0_3

Cited by 54 publications

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“…The disruptive effects of both drugs on behavior in the learning component were attenuated when the drugs were administered during the session after the response chain had been acquired. It was concluded that the greater sensitivity of the learning component to disruptive drug effects is related to the relatively weak stimulus control and/or the lower rate of reinforcement associated with that component.Key words: repeated acquisition, multiple schedule, response chains, d-amphetamine, cocaine, prefeeding, stimulus control, key press, monkeysPrevious research has shown that repeatedacquisition baselines are sensitive to the effects of d-amphetamine and cocaine in rats (Schrot, Boren, Moerschbaecher, & Simoes Fontes, 1978) and pigeons (Moerschbaecher, Boren, Schrot, & Simoes Fontes, 1979;Thompson, 1973Thompson, , 1977Thompson, , 1978. In Thompson's experiments, pigeons acquired a different four-response chain each session by responding sequentially on three keys in the presence of four colors.…”

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“…Previous research has shown that repeatedacquisition baselines are sensitive to the effects of d-amphetamine and cocaine in rats (Schrot, Boren, Moerschbaecher, & Simoes Fontes, 1978) and pigeons (Moerschbaecher, Boren, Schrot, & Simoes Fontes, 1979;Thompson, 1973Thompson, , 1977Thompson, , 1978. In Thompson's experiments, pigeons acquired a different four-response chain each session by responding sequentially on three keys in the presence of four colors.…”

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AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF d‐AMPHETAMINE AND COCAINE ON THE ACQUISITION AND PERFORMANCE OF RESPONSE CHAINS IN MONKEYS

Thompson

Moerschbaecher

1979

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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In one component of a multiple schedule of food presentation, monkeys acquired a different four-response chain each session by responding sequentially on three keys in the presence of four geometric forms (learning). In the other component, the four-response chain was the same each session (performance). Both d-amphetamine and cocaine, at the higher doses, disrupted the behavior in the learning component; the overall response rate decreased, the overall accuracy was impaired (i.e., percent errors increased), and there was less within-session error reduction. The performance component was generally less sensitive than the learning component to the disruptive effects of both drugs on rate and accuracy. After prefeeding or during an extended session, the response rate decreased in both components, but accuracy was generally unaffected. When the four discriminative stimuli in both components were removed, the behavior was disrupted to a greater extent in the performance component. The disruptive effects of both drugs on behavior in the learning component were attenuated when the drugs were administered during the session after the response chain had been acquired. It was concluded that the greater sensitivity of the learning component to disruptive drug effects is related to the relatively weak stimulus control and/or the lower rate of reinforcement associated with that component.Key words: repeated acquisition, multiple schedule, response chains, d-amphetamine, cocaine, prefeeding, stimulus control, key press, monkeysPrevious research has shown that repeatedacquisition baselines are sensitive to the effects of d-amphetamine and cocaine in rats (Schrot, Boren, Moerschbaecher, & Simoes Fontes, 1978) and pigeons (Moerschbaecher, Boren, Schrot, & Simoes Fontes, 1979;Thompson, 1973Thompson, , 1977Thompson, , 1978. In Thompson's experiments, pigeons acquired a different four-response chain each session by responding sequentially on three keys in the presence of four colors. As the dose of each drug was increased, the overall response rate decreased, the overall accuracy was impaired (i.e., percent errors increased), and there was less within-session error reduction (acquisition). Similar disruptive drug effects were obtained in the Moerschbaecher et al. (1979)

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AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF d‐AMPHETAMINE AND COCAINE ON THE ACQUISITION AND PERFORMANCE OF RESPONSE CHAINS IN MONKEYS

Thompson

Moerschbaecher

1979

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…doses lower than those at which effects appear under MTS, or larger drug effects may be seen at the same dose as the delay increases (McMillan, 1981). The DMTS procedure has proved useful in the assessment of the effects of a variety of drugs (Heise & Milar, 1984;Thompson, 1978).In the standard DMTS procedure, the delay values at which the subjects work are usually arbitrarily set by the experimenter. One variation of the DMTS procedure is the titrating DMTS procedure (TDMTS), in which the delay between the sample and comparison stimuli varies depending on the subject's perfonnance.…”

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“…Thompson (1978) has suggested that DMTS might be more sensitive to drug effects than is MTS because DMTS is presumably under weaker control by the sample stimulus. Stimulus control by the sample stimulus should weaken progressively as the delay increases.…”

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The use of the titrating delayed matching-to-sample procedure for analyzing drug effects

Woodward

Watson

Blampied

et al. 1986

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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A titrating delayed matching-to-sample (TDMTS) procedure, in which the delay between the sample and comparison stimuli depends on the subject's performance, was used to assess the effects of 0.5 mg/kg of haloperidol in pigeons. The results showed that the decrease in the limit of delay sustained by the subjects in the drug condition could not be attributed to drug effects on short-term memory, because the limit of delay measure was confounded by the effect of the drug on psychomotor responding. Implications of the use of the TDMTS procedure are discussed.Matching-to-sample (MTS) is an experimental procedure that has been used to assess the effects of drugs on stimulus control. In MTS, a trial begins with the presentation of a sample stimulus. After an appropriate response is made, two or more comparison stimuli are presented, one of which is identical to the sample stimulus. To obtain a reinforcer, the subject must respond to the comparison stimulus that' 'matches the sample" (McMillan, 1981).When a delay is interpolated between the sample and comparison stimuli (delayed matching-to-sample, DMTS), the procedure becomes useful for the study of both concept formation and short-tenn memory (STM) in animals (McMillan, 1981). The DMTS paradigm has two advantages in the study of STM. First, it minimizes the influence of peripheral mediating responses, and second, DMTS tasks may employ exteroceptive stimuli that permit a rigorous manipulation of stimulus parameters and precise specification of stimulus and retention interval duration (Pontecorvo, 1983).Perfonnance under DMTS, across a variety of species, shows that with increases in the delay interval, there is a corresponding decrease in the accuracy of the animals' perfonnance. Thompson (1978) has suggested that DMTS might be more sensitive to drug effects than is MTS because DMTS is presumably under weaker control by the sample stimulus. Stimulus control by the sample stimulus should weaken progressively as the delay increases. Therefore, under DMTS, drug effects might be seen at This report is based on data from a project submitted by the first author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master's degree in psychology. The authors acknowledge the assistance of the following pe0-ple: Chris van Halewyn for writing the computer program, Ijan Beveridge for his care of the animals, and Robin Phillips for his assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. Requests for reprints should be addressed to L. Woodward, Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. doses lower than those at which effects appear under MTS, or larger drug effects may be seen at the same dose as the delay increases (McMillan, 1981). The DMTS procedure has proved useful in the assessment of the effects of a variety of drugs (Heise & Milar, 1984;Thompson, 1978).In the standard DMTS procedure, the delay values at which the subjects work are usually arbitrarily set by the experimenter. One variation of the DMTS procedure is the titrating DMTS procedure (TD...

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Reward, Motivation, Cognition: Psychobiology of Mesotelencephalic Dopamine Systems

Fibiger

Phillips

1986

Comprehensive Physiology

133

101

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Adjunctive Behaviorsand Emotion THE IDENTIFICATION OF SYSTEMS in the brain that mediate psychological variables such as mood, emotion, and motivation is one of the most difficult and challenging tasks in neurobiology. Not only are their neural substrates complex, but the behavioral manifestations of these processes are often difficult to measure in a quantifiable and reproducible manner. Therefore the correlation of behavioral measures of affective states with central neurochemical and neurophysiological processes poses a significant methodological challenge. Rather than attempting to review and draw conclusions from the vast and diffuse literature on the psychobiology of affective states, this chapter focuses on a neuronal system for which there exists substantial neurophysiological and neuropharmacological information. This system is apparently involved in some types of affective and motivational processes. We refer to the dopamine (DA)-containing neurons of the mesolimbic system and their participation in motor function and in some limited aspects of positive reinforcement or reward. In addition to the considerable body of information available on the anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology of this group of neurons, there are precise and quantitative behavioral measures from which the affective state of the organism in terms of reward or reinforcement can be inferred. These behavioral techniques include intracranial self-stimulation (177) and intravenous selfadministration of psychostimulant drugs such as cocaine and amphetamine (273). Although this chapter primarily covers the mesolimbic DA system, where appropriate, functional aspects of other components of the mesotelencephalic DA system are also considered. Whereas we refer extensively to the mesolimbic system, in nearly all cases reliable information exists only on the largest component of the system, the DA innervation of the nucleus accumbens.

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Stimulus Control and Drug Effects

Cited by 54 publications

References 29 publications

AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF d‐AMPHETAMINE AND COCAINE ON THE ACQUISITION AND PERFORMANCE OF RESPONSE CHAINS IN MONKEYS

AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF d‐AMPHETAMINE AND COCAINE ON THE ACQUISITION AND PERFORMANCE OF RESPONSE CHAINS IN MONKEYS

The use of the titrating delayed matching-to-sample procedure for analyzing drug effects

Reward, Motivation, Cognition: Psychobiology of Mesotelencephalic Dopamine Systems

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