Stimulus Driven Functional Transformations in the Early Olfactory System

Martelli, Carlotta; Storace, Douglas A.

doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.684742

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 203 publications

(312 reference statements)

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“…Defining the functional role(s) of the different populations of neurons within the OB remains an important step in understanding the function of the bulb in olfactory sensory processing. 129 , 146 A recent strategy in addressing this question is to measure and compare the glomerular signals originating from different OB cell types. 67 , 147 – 149 Glomerular imaging is powerful because upward of 100 glomeruli can be simultaneously measured from the dorsal surface of the OB, each of which contains the processes of different cell types involved in the input–output transformation for a single olfactory receptor type.…”

Section: Organization and Circuitry Of The Olfactory Bulbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging different cell populations in the mouse olfactory bulb using the genetically encoded voltage indicator ArcLight

Leong,

Storace

2024

Neurophoton.

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. Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) are protein-based optical sensors that allow for measurements from genetically defined populations of neurons. Although in vivo imaging in the mammalian brain with early generation GEVIs was difficult due to poor membrane expression and low signal-to-noise ratio, newer and more sensitive GEVIs have begun to make them useful for answering fundamental questions in neuroscience. We discuss principles of imaging using GEVIs and genetically encoded calcium indicators, both useful tools for in vivo imaging of neuronal activity, and review some of the recent mechanistic advances that have led to GEVI improvements. We provide an overview of the mouse olfactory bulb (OB) and discuss recent studies using the GEVI ArcLight to study different cell types within the bulb using both widefield and two-photon microscopy. Specific emphasis is placed on using GEVIs to begin to study the principles of concentration coding in the OB, how to interpret the optical signals from population measurements in the in vivo brain, and future developments that will push the field forward.

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Section: Organization and Circuitry Of The Olfactory Bulbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging different cell populations in the mouse olfactory bulb using the genetically encoded voltage indicator ArcLight

Leong,

Storace

2024

Neurophoton.

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“…Several studies conducted with different techniques have shown that gain control achieved by the AL network may be thought of as an amplifier of neural communication, supporting a certain degree of concentration invariant odor representation (Olsen and Wilson 2008;Olsen et al 2010;Zhang et al 2013;Marachlian et al 2019;Gjorgjieva et al 2019;Martelli and Storace 2021). In Drosophila, gain control is mediated by lateral interactions across many olfactory glomeruli and helps to equalize the population response of projection neurons (PNs).…”

Section: Oscillations In Odor Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multielectrode recordings of cockroach antennal lobe neurons in response to temporal dynamics of odor concentrations

et al. 2023

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The initial representation of the instantaneous temporal information about food odor concentration in the primary olfactory center, the antennal lobe, was examined by simultaneously recording the activity of antagonistic ON and OFF neurons with 4-channel tetrodes. During presentation of pulse-like concentration changes, ON neurons encode the rapid concentration increase at pulse onset and the pulse duration, and OFF neurons the rapid concentration decrease at pulse offset and the duration of the pulse interval. A group of ON neurons establish a concentration-invariant representation of odor pulses. The responses of ON and OFF neurons to oscillating changes in odor concentration are determined by the rate of change in dependence on the duration of the oscillation period. By adjusting sensitivity for fluctuating concentrations, these neurons improve the representation of the rate of the changing concentration. In other ON and OFF neurons, the response to changing concentrations is invariant to large variations in the rate of change due to variations in the oscillation period, facilitating odor identification in the antennal-lobe. The independent processing of odor identity and the temporal dynamics of odor concentration may speed up processing time and improve behavioral performance associated with plume tracking, especially when the air is not moving.

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“…Single cells in the OB accurately resolve odor presented in isolated pulses or isolated frequencies (Ackels et al, 2021; Dasgupta et al, 2022), but little is known about whether the OB follows stochastic plume dynamics, with mixed frequencies. Additionally, there are known adaptation effects in the OB (Martelli & Storace, 2021) and dynamical changes in OB responses both over the course of longer odor stimuli (Baker et al, 2019; Patterson et al, 2013; Spors & Grinvald, 2002) or over back to back sampling across sniffs (Fukunaga et al, 2012). Little is known regarding whether the dynamics of adaptation or the dynamics of OB responses themselves may compromise the ability of the OB to detect odor with naturalistic and complex dynamics across longer timescales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spiking output of the mouse olfactory bulb encodes large-scale temporal features of natural odor environments

Lewis,

Suarez,

Rigolli

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Spatiotemporal dynamics of natural odor environment have informative features for animals navigating to an odor source. Population activity in the olfactory bulb (OB) has been shown to follow plume dynamics to a moderate degree (Lewis et al., 2021), but it is unknown whether the ability to follow plume dynamics is driven by individual cells or whether it emerges at the population level. Previous research has explored the responses of individual OB cells to isolated features of plumes, but it is difficult to adequately sample these features as it is still undetermined which features navigating mice employ during olfactory guided search. Here we released odor from an upwind odor source and simultaneously recorded both odor concentration dynamics and cellular response dynamics in awake, head-fixed mice. We found that longer timescale features of odor concentration dynamics were encoded at both the cellular and population level. At the cellular level, plume onset was encoded across all trials and plume offset was encoded for high concentration odors, but not low concentration odors. Although cellular level tracking of plume dynamics was observed to be weak, we found that at the population level, OB activity distinguished whiffs and blanks (accurately detected odor presence versus absence) throughout the duration of a plume. Even ~20 OB cells were enough to accurately encode these features. Our findings indicate that the full range of odor concentration dynamics and high frequency fluctuations are not encoded by OB spiking activity. Instead, relatively lower-frequency dynamics of plumes, such as plume onset, plume offset, whiffs, and blanks, are represented in the OB.

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Stimulus Driven Functional Transformations in the Early Olfactory System

Cited by 10 publications

References 203 publications

Imaging different cell populations in the mouse olfactory bulb using the genetically encoded voltage indicator ArcLight

Imaging different cell populations in the mouse olfactory bulb using the genetically encoded voltage indicator ArcLight

Multielectrode recordings of cockroach antennal lobe neurons in response to temporal dynamics of odor concentrations

The spiking output of the mouse olfactory bulb encodes large-scale temporal features of natural odor environments

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