Stimulus Fading as Treatment for Obscenity in a Brain‐injured Adult

Pace, Gary M.; Ivancic, Martin T.; Jefferson, Gretchen L.

doi:10.1901/jaba.1994.27-301

Cited by 61 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…R. Dixon et al et al, 2001;Wilder et al, 2001) and extend these findings beyond the single case study previously reported in the brain injury population (Pace et al, 1994). A clear function for inappropriate verbal behavior was found for each of our participants, and in two of our four cases it was not attention maintained.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

“…Interestingly, in all of these studies, inappropriate verbal behavior was maintained by attention from a caregiver. The only exceptions of participants' verbal behavior not being solely under the control of attention that have been published in the literature were one elderly participant in the Buchanan and Fisher (2002) research, whose behavior appeared to be controlled by both attention and sensory stimulation, and one participant with brain injury investigated by Pace, Ivancic, and Jefferson (1994), whose behavior was controlled by escape from demands. It remains to be seen whether verbal behavior displayed by clinical populations often serves non-attentionbased functions, and whether these functions can be detected via the functional analysis technology of Iwata et al (1982Iwata et al ( /1994.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the utility of functional analysis methodology to assess and treat problematic verbal behavior in persons with acquired brain injury

Dixon¹,

Guercio²,

Falcomata³

et al. 2004

Behavioral Interventions

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Functional analyses were conducted on four adults with acquired brain injuries who regularly displayed instances of inappropriate verbal behavior including depressive, aggressive, suicidal, profane, and sexually inappropriate utterances. After the functional analysis yielded a maintaining variable for each participant, a function-based intervention consisting of differential reinforcement of alternative verbal behavior was implemented. Results of the behavioral interventions show that instances of vocal behavior can be assessed and subsequently treated using the functional analysis methodology often reserved for nonverbal forms of behavior. The utility of functional analysis for assessing complex human behavior is discussed.

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supporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the utility of functional analysis methodology to assess and treat problematic verbal behavior in persons with acquired brain injury

Dixon¹,

Guercio²,

Falcomata³

et al. 2004

Behavioral Interventions

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show abstract

“…The primary treatment, extinction combined with stimulus fading, was based on procedures described in a number of previous reports (e.g., Pace, Ivancic, & Jefferson, 1994;Pace et al, 1993;Zarcone et al, 1993); however, the stimuli used during treatment were unusual. During the course of Sarah's treatment, we observed a problem also noted by Zarcone et al (1994), in that the stimulus fading procedure was unsuccessful in reaching the end-oftreatment criterion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Analysis and Treatment of Problem Behavior Evoked by Noise

McCord¹,

Iwata

Galensky³

et al. 2001

J of App Behav Analysis

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We conducted a four-part investigation to develop methods for assessing and treating problem behavior evoked by noise. In Phase 1, 7 participants with developmental disabilities who were described as being hypersensitive to specific noises were exposed to a series of noises under controlled conditions. Results for 2 of the participants verified that noise was apparently an aversive event. In Phase 2, results of functional analyses indicated that these 2 participants' problem behaviors were maintained by escape from noise. In Phase 3, preference assessments were conducted to identify reinforcers that might be used during treatment. Finally, in Phase 4, the 2 participants' problem behaviors were successfully treated with extinction, stimulus fading, and a differential-reinforcementof-other-behavior (DRO) contingency (only 1 participant required DRO). Treatment effects for both participants generalized to their home environments and were maintained during a follow-up assessment. Procedures and results were discussed in terms of their relevance to the systematic assessment of noise as an establishing operation (EO) and, more generally, to the identification of idiosyncratic EO influences on behavior.

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“…Related interventions indude altering some feature of the task situation to reduce its aversive characteristics (Pace, Ivancic, & Jefferson, 1994;Weeks & Gaylord-Ross, 1981;Zarcone, Iwata, Smith, Mazaleski, & Lerman, 1994) or strengthening alternative escape behaviors through negative reinforcement (Carr & Durand, 1985;Steege et al, 1990). All of these approaches are based on direct modification of the behavior's maintaining contingency or its establishing operation (Michael, 1982(Michael, , 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Momentum and Extinction Effects on Self‐injurious Escape Behavior and Noncompliance

Zarcone

Iwata

Mazaleski

et al. 1994

J of App Behav Analysis

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Previous research on applications of behavioral momentum has indicated that a high-probability (high-p) instructional sequence, in which a series of instructions for which there is a high probability of compliance is presented immediately before an instruction for which there is a low probability of compliance, is an effective method for increasing compliance. It is not dear, however, whether the procedure is effective when individuals actively attempt to escape from the instructional situation. In this study, we examined the effects of the high-p sequence, when implemented first alone and then later with an extinction component, as treatment for the self-injurious escape behavior of 2 individuals. Results showed that when the instructional sequence was implemented without extinction, rates of self-injury increased and percentage of compliance decreased. In addition, the percentage of trials occasioning escape behavior increased for both high-and low-probability instructions. When an extinction component was added to the high-p sequence, rates of self-injury and the percentage of trials containing self-injury decreased, and compliance increased. These findings suggest that extinction may be an important component of treatment when escape behavior such as self-injury accompanies noncompliance in instructional contexts and competes with compliant behavior.DESCRIPTORS: behavioral momentum, escape behavior, extinction, functional analysis, negative reinforcement, noncompliance, self-injurious behavior Negative reinforcement, often in the form of escape from ongoing task-related situations, accounts for a significant proportion of behavior disorders (e.g., aggression, disruption, and self-injury) exhibited by individuals with developmental disabilities (Iwata, 1987). One approach to treatment for such behavior involves eliminating the source of reinforcement. For example, extinction procedures, in which escape is no longer reinforced through task termination, have been found to be effective in a number of studies

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Stimulus Fading as Treatment for Obscenity in a Brain‐injured Adult

Cited by 61 publications

References 11 publications

Exploring the utility of functional analysis methodology to assess and treat problematic verbal behavior in persons with acquired brain injury

Exploring the utility of functional analysis methodology to assess and treat problematic verbal behavior in persons with acquired brain injury

Functional Analysis and Treatment of Problem Behavior Evoked by Noise

Momentum and Extinction Effects on Self‐injurious Escape Behavior and Noncompliance

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