Stimulus intensity dynamism during two-valued auditory discrimination acquisition: a systematic replication

Blue, Scot

doi:10.3758/bf03330651

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Not accounted for, and beyond the scope of their theory, is why the S A response rates differed. Similar results were reported by Blue (1967) who suggested an "S A dynamism" as a possible explanation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Stimulus intensity dynamism: Effect of non-reinforcement of the highest intensity stimulus.

James¹,

Mostoway²

1969

Canadian Journal of Psychology / Revue canadienne de psychologi

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Two groups of 12 rats received extensive lever-pressing-discrimination training to 4 intensities of auditory stimulation (85, 90, 95, 100 db); one intensity was SA and three were S D . For one group, the lowest intensity stimulus was non-reinforced; for the other group the highest intensity stimulus was die S A . After 24 days, non-reinforcement in each group was switched to stimulation of the other extreme and performance was assessed for an additional 15 days. Results indicated: (a) that during the first phase response strength was a positive function of the distance, along the intensity continuum, from the non-reinforced stimulus, (b) that after non-reinforcement contingencies were changed, performance was immediately disrupted and tended to be replaced by the functional relation of the initial phase, and (e) that S A response rate was positively related to S A intensity. THE POSITIVE RELATION BETWEEN stimulus intensity and response strength,termed stimulus intensity dynamism (sm), has been interpreted in a number of ways. Although Hull (1952) assigned sn> to the role of a primary molar law, other investigators have conceptualized it in terms of stimulus generalization (Perkins, 1953;Logan, 1954), adaptation level (Grice & Hunter, 1964 ), and decision models (Grice, 1968 ).The Perkins-Logan hypothesis, that sro results from inhibition which generalizes from a non-reinforced zero-intensity background stimulus, was supported in two studies reported by Gray. One investigation (Gray, 1965a) indicated that in an instrumental conditioning situation, discrimination training is necessary to generate sro. Although unpublished, a second study was referred to in a review article of sro (Gray, 1965b, Footnote 4, p. 185). It indicated that a negative relation between discriminative stimulus (S D ) intensity and response rate during each S D was produced in rats reinforced for responding in the presence of white noise varying in intensity from 0 to 90 db but never reinforced in the presence of a 100 db noise. Similar evidence was recently obtained in a discriminated lever-press avoidance situation (Birkimer & James, 1967). When shock never followed

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Stimulus intensity dynamism: Effect of non-reinforcement of the highest intensity stimulus.

James¹,

Mostoway²

1969

Canadian Journal of Psychology / Revue canadienne de psychologi

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“…A dynamism effect is seen if there is faster acquisition for the discrimination in which the more intense stimulus is S+. Sadowsky (1966), Blue (1967) and Pierrel et al (1970) studied the acquisition of stimulus control by rats to various intensities of four kilohertz (kHz) tones in a two-component multiple schedule of differential positive reinforcement. In general, for a given pair of stimulus intensities, acquisition was faster when the high intensity was used as the S+ than when the opposite was true.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research has consistently demonstrated that sound intensity, per se, is capable of controlling response rate (Blue, 1967; Pierrel, Sherman, Blue, & Hegge, 1970;Sadowsky, 1966). The energizing effects of intensive stimuli on responding, sometimes referred to as stimulus intensity dynamism (Gray, 1965), lhave been measured in two ways.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Responding Without Differential Reinforcement: Intensity Difference, Continuum Position, and Reinforcement Density Effects

Raslear

1981

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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The response rates of five groups of rats were observed during exposure to different intensities of a four kilohertz tone within a two-component multiple schedule of nondifferential reinforcement. Response rates were found to be higher during the multiple schedule component which contained the higher intensity tone. Larger differences in response rates between the two multiple schedule components occurred with greater intensity separations (30 versus 20 decibels). At the 30 decibel separationi a low absolute magnitude produced larger response rate differences than a high absolute magnitude, while at the 20 decibel separation a high absolute magnitude produced larger response rate differences. Increases in reinforcement density were accompanied by decreases in response rate differences between high and low intensity components only when over-all response rates also increased.

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The discrimination of magnitude: A review and theoretical analysis

Inman

Pearce

2018

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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In a discrimination based on magnitude, the same stimulus is presented at two different magnitudes and an outcome, such as food, is signalled by one magnitude but not the other. The review presented in the first part of the article shows that, in general, such a discrimination is acquired more readily when the outcome is signalled by the larger rather than the smaller of the two magnitudes. This asymmetry is observed with magnitudes based on sound, odour, temporal duration, quantity, and physical length. The second part of the article, explores the implications of this pattern of results for the theory of discrimination learning presented by Pearce (1994). The asymmetry found with discriminations based on magnitude contradicts predictions derived from the original version of the theory, but it can be explained by a modified version. The asymmetry also has important implications for understanding how animals represent magnitudes.

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Stimulus intensity dynamism during two-valued auditory discrimination acquisition: a systematic replication

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Stimulus intensity dynamism: Effect of non-reinforcement of the highest intensity stimulus.

Stimulus intensity dynamism: Effect of non-reinforcement of the highest intensity stimulus.

Differential Responding Without Differential Reinforcement: Intensity Difference, Continuum Position, and Reinforcement Density Effects

The discrimination of magnitude: A review and theoretical analysis

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