Stimulus-Responsive Metal–Organic Framework Signal-Reporting System for Photoelectrochemical and Fluorescent Dual-Mode Detection of ATP

Abstract

Dual-mode bioanalysis integrating photoelectrochemical (PEC) and other modes is emerging and allows signal cross-checking for more reliable results. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been shown to be attractive materials in various biological applications. This work presents the utilization of MOF encapsulation and stimuli-responsive decapsulation for dual-mode PEC and fluorescence (FL) bioanalysis. Photoactive dye methylene violet (MV) was encapsulated in zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) to form an MV@ZIF-90 hybrid material, and MV could be released by adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced ZIF-90 disintegration. The released MV not only had FL emission but also had a sensitization effect on the ZnIn2S4 (ZnInS) photoanode. Based on the MV-dependent sensitization effect and FL emission characteristic, a dual-mode PEC–FL strategy was established for ATP detection with low detection limits, that is, 3.2 and 4.1 pM for PEC and FL detection, respectively. This study features and will inspire the construction and implementation of smart MOF materials for dual-mode bioanalysis.

Dye encapsulation and one-pot synthesis of microporous–mesoporous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for CO2 sorption and adenosine triphosphate biosensing

“…The dye MV can sensitize a ZnIn 2 S 4 photoanode. 60 Thus, we expect the high potential of our materials to be extended to other analytical methods such as colorimetric, photoelectrochemical, and electrochemical methods.…”

“…MV-encapsulated ZIF-90 (MV@ZIF-90) was reported for the detection of ATP via photoelectrochemical and fluorescence. 60 The release of the dye can be used for fluorescence spectroscopy. The dye MV can sensitize a ZnIn 2 S 4 photoanode.…”

A new honeycomb MOF for C2H4purification and C3H6enrichment by separating methanol to olefin products

“…[15][16][17][18][19] This specically leads to the unique pore shape/size and surface functionality in MOFs 20 and promotes their varied applications. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Typically, in gas adsorption and separation elds, many MOFs thus far have focused on separating C 2 or C 3 hydrocarbons from methane (C 1 ), which showed excellent performance and revealed promising application prospects. However, MOFs exhibiting efficient separation toward the MTO products of C 2 H 4 -C 3 H 6 mixtures have been reported only in a few MOFs.…”

Near-Infrared Fluorescent Nanoprobes for Adenosine Triphosphate-Guided Imaging in Cancer and Fatty Liver Mice

“…Metal–organic framework (MOF) is a porous nanomaterial and is widely used in catalysis, gas, and biosensing due to its adjustable porosity, high load rate, and simple synthesis steps. − Zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF), as a subclass of MOF, has the characteristics of high porosity, good stability, and good biocompatibility. − At present, several ATP probes based on nanomaterials are being developed, but the following problems still exist. On the one hand, the reported ZIF-based ATP fluorescent nanoprobes have emission wavelengths of less than 650 nm, so these probes are limited to in vivo imaging. − In contrast, when the near-infrared emission is greater than 650 nm, the probe penetrates deeper into the tissue and avoids the interference of background fluorescence, thus achieving accurate imaging. − On the other hand, the current in vivo applications of ATP probes are mostly mouse tumor models, and the application in other disease models such as fatty liver has not been reported. − Therefore, it is of great significance to design a near-infrared fluorescent nanoprobe with excellent performance and apply it to various disease models.…”