Stimulus Taktil Kinestetik terhadap Perubahan Fisiologis Bayi Prematur dengan Perawatan Metode Kanguru

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Stimulus Taktil Kinestetik (STK) terhadap perubahan fisiologis bayi prematur yang memperoleh Perawatan Metode Kanguru (PMK). Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi Experiment dengan pretest-posttest two-group design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 39 bayi prematur yang dipilih dengan simple random sampling. Kelompok intervensi 20 bayi prematur dilakukan STK dengan durasi 15 menit dan kelompok kontrol 19 bayi prematur tanpa perlakuan. Pengukuran fisiologis pernafasan, denyut jantung, suhu dan berat badan pada kedua kelompok yang dilakukan hari ke 1 dan hari ke 5. Analisis uji statistik menggunakan Paired t-test dan Independent t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh perlakuan STK terhadap penurunan pernafasan, penurunan denyut jantung, peningkatan suhu dan peningkatan berat badan pada kelompok intervensi. Kelompok kontrol tanpa perlakuan menunjukkan ada pengaruh peningkatan suhu dan peningkatan berat badan. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada kondisi fisiologis bayi prematur pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Simpulan, pemberian perlakuan STK pada kelompok intervensi berpengaruh terhadap perubahan fisiologis bayi prematur.
 Kata Kunci: Perawatan Metode Kanguru, Prematur, Stimulus Taktil Kinestetik

Scoping Review: Application of Tactile/Kinesthetic Stimulation in Preterm Infants

“…The results of the study of Hastuti and Marnita, et al showed that the physiological development of infant breathing after treatment (post) in the intervention and control groups showed that there were significant differences in BBLR Infant Breathing after treatment (post) both in the intervention group and the control group. The results of this study showed that tactile-kinesthetic stimulation interventions affected infant breathing where the breathing of infants who were given tactile-kinesthetic stimulation was more stable than infants who were not stimulated, which was seen in the intervention group of average respiration before the intervention 11 .…”

“…The condition of LBW causes the body's organs to not be able to function perfectly, so the adjustment of organ functions to the environment outside the womb is very difficult for babies 11 . With excessive changes in extrauterine conditions can cause stress in LBW.…”

“…newborns are very sensitive to touch, especially on the face, hands, soles of the feet, and abdomen. The provision of kinesthetic tactile stimulation is as a touch so that it can increase its development which is shown, one of which is that the baby feels warm 11 .…”

“…Rapid breathing in babies will cause excessive energy consumption in addition to having an impact on other physiological conditions that can inhibit the growth and development of the baby. Baby breathing also has an impact on oxygenation circulation for the metabolism of cells and body tissues in achieving growth and development, tactile stimulation and movements carried out in babies can function to launch the circulatory system so that it can increase oxygen supply and help optimize respiratory muscle movements in babies 11 .…”

“…In addition, the touch given can reduce the baby's stress response due to the process of intrauterine adaptation to extrauterine in connection with increasing the neuroendocrine response in BBLR babies which can be shown the baby's heart rate is working more stable. Gentle touch through kinesthetic tactile stimulation has calmed or reduced the effects of stress on premature babies, given that they experience a lot of stress during their hospitalization 11…”