Stipe elongation during basidiocarp maturation in Coprinus macrorhizus: Changes in polysaccharide composition of stipe cell wall during elongation

Kamada, Takashi; Takemaru, Tsuneo

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a075551

Cited by 51 publications

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“…This suggests that there is another endo-glucanase(s) that is different from TLG1 in the L. edodes fruiting body. Cell wall lytic enzyme activities (b-1,3 glucanase, b-1,6 glucanase, and chitinase) were involved in stipe elongation in C. cinereus (Kamada and Takemaru, 1977b;Kamada, et al, 1980Kamada, et al, , 1982; therefore, endo-glucanase activity in the stipe of growing fruiting bodies may also contribute to stipe elongation in L. edodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the filamentous fungal life cycle, the cell walls are synthesized, reorientated, and lysed (Wessels, 1993;Moore, 1998). Cell wall lysis and changes in the constituent polysaccharides are essential processes during fruiting body development in basidiomycota Takemaru, 1977a, 1977b;Kamada et al, 1980), and in C. cinereus autolysis of pileus of fruiting bodies also occurs following basidiospore formation (Kü es, 2000). Several b-1,3-glucans from basidiomycetous mushrooms display antitumor activity, for example, lentinan from L. edodes (Chihara et al, 1969) and schizophyllan from S. commune (Morikawa et al, 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Lentinula edodes tlg1 Encodes a Thaumatin-Like Protein That Is Involved in Lentinan Degradation and Fruiting Body Senescence

et al. 2006

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Lentinan is an antitumor product that is purified from fresh Lentinula edodes fruiting bodies. It is a cell wall component, comprising b-1,3-glucan with b-1,6-linked branches, which becomes degraded during postharvest preservation as a result of increased glucanase activity. In this study, we used N-terminal amino acid sequence to isolate tlg1, a gene encoding a thaumatin-like (TL) protein in L. edodes. The cDNA clone was approximately 1.0 kb whereas the genomic sequence was 2.1 kb, and comparison of the two indicated that tlg1 contains 12 introns. The tlg1 gene product (TLG1) was predicted to comprise 240 amino acids, with a molecular mass of 25 kD and isoelectric point value of 3.5. The putative amino acid sequence exhibits approximately 40% identity with plant TL proteins, and a fungal genome database search revealed that these TL proteins are conserved in many fungi including the basidiomycota and ascomycota. Transcription of tlg1 was not detected in vegetative mycelium or young and fresh mushrooms. However, transcription increased following harvest. Western-blot analysis demonstrated a rise in TLG1 levels following harvest and spore diffusion. TLG1 expressed in Escherichia coli and Aspergillus oryzae exhibited b-1,3-glucanase activity and, when purified from the L. edodes fruiting body, demonstrated lentinan degrading activity. Thus, we suggest that TLG1 is involved in lentinan and cell wall degradation during senescence following harvest and spore diffusion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Lentinula edodes tlg1 Encodes a Thaumatin-Like Protein That Is Involved in Lentinan Degradation and Fruiting Body Senescence

et al. 2006

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“…In the lateral part of the cap, between the trama of the cap (pileus) and the differentiated veil cells, a zone of cell division (meristemoid) of strictly parallel hyphae appears (413,414). Glycogen deposits can be detected in the basal plectenchyma and in the hymenium (89,197,303,344). The hymenium differentiates further into dome-shaped rudiments, which eventually will become the gills (lamella), which carry the basidia in their outer hymenial cell layer (89,277,333,413,414) (Fig.…”

Section: Early Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stipe growth is mainly the result of manifold cell elongation rather than cell division (39,99,142,196). However, in the very young primordium, stipe cells are cuboid or polyhedral, and proliferation still occurs in the apex meristematic region of the stipe (39,155,302).…”

Section: Structure and Development Of The Stipementioning

confidence: 99%

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Kües

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

435

336

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SUMMARY Coprinus cinereus has two main types of mycelia, the asexual monokaryon and the sexual dikaryon, formed by fusion of compatible monokaryons. Syngamy (plasmogamy) and karyogamy are spatially and temporally separated, which is typical for basidiomycetous fungi. This property of the dikaryon enables an easy exchange of nuclear partners in further dikaryotic-monokaryotic and dikaryotic-dikaryotic mycelial fusions. Fruiting bodies normally develop on the dikaryon, and the cytological process of fruiting-body development has been described in its principles. Within the specialized basidia, present within the gills of the fruiting bodies, karyogamy occurs in a synchronized manner. It is directly followed by meiosis and by the production of the meiotic basidiospores. The synchrony of karyogamy and meiosis has made the fungus a classical object to study meiotic cytology and recombination. Several genes involved in these processes have been identified. Both monokaryons and dikaryons can form multicellular resting bodies (sclerotia) and different types of mitotic spores, the small uninucleate aerial oidia, and, within submerged mycelium, the large thick-walled chlamydospores. The decision about whether a structure will be formed is made on the basis of environmental signals (light, temperature, humidity, and nutrients). Of the intrinsic factors that control development, the products of the two mating type loci are most important. Mutant complementation and PCR approaches identified further genes which possibly link the two mating-type pathways with each other and with nutritional regulation, for example with the cAMP signaling pathway. Among genes specifically expressed within the fruiting body are those for two galectins, β-galactoside binding lectins that probably act in hyphal aggregation. These genes serve as molecular markers to study development in wild-type and mutant strains. The isolation of genes for potential non-DNA methyltransferases, needed for tissue formation within the fruiting body, promises the discovery of new signaling pathways, possibly involving secondary fungal metabolites.

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“…[5][6][7][8][9] Cell-wall autolysis and reconstruction are essential processes during fruiting body development in basidiomycetous fungi. [10][11][12] It is obvious that normal development of the fungi depends on appropriate localization and expression of cell wall-synthetic and -lytic enzymes, and thus disorders in these enzymes cause unusual changes in the structure of the cell wall. Multiple enzyme systems are required for the metabolism of the Enoki cell-wall, which consists of complex polysaccharides of branched -1,3-glucan and xylomannan.…”

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confidence: 99%

Purification and Characterization of a Novel Exo-β-1,3-1,6-glucanase from the Fruiting Body of the Edible Mushroom Enoki (Flammulina velutipes)

Fukuda

Hiraga

Asakuma

et al. 2008

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Stipe elongation during basidiocarp maturation in Coprinus macrorhizus: Changes in polysaccharide composition of stipe cell wall during elongation

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Lentinula edodes tlg1 Encodes a Thaumatin-Like Protein That Is Involved in Lentinan Degradation and Fruiting Body Senescence

Lentinula edodes tlg1 Encodes a Thaumatin-Like Protein That Is Involved in Lentinan Degradation and Fruiting Body Senescence

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Purification and Characterization of a Novel Exo-β-1,3-1,6-glucanase from the Fruiting Body of the Edible Mushroom Enoki (Flammulina velutipes)

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