STM and STS investigations of Ce-doped TiO2 nanoparticles

Nano-cerium-element-doped titanium dioxide induces apoptosis of Bel 7402 human hepatoma cells in the presence of visible light

“…These findings provide evidence that hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide play a role in cell death [14,17,19] . Cerium element doping can reduce band gap energy by introducing new energy into the surface band gap of nano TiO2 [10] . The adsorption edge of nano TiO2 could shift to the long-wavelength region, and the energy of light at a length of 400-450 nm is enough to excite electron jump from valence band to conduct band by Ce (Ⅳ) doping.…”

“…Figure 1 shows XRD patterns of CDT. The presence of peaks (2θ = 25.4, 37.8 and 48.1) could be regarded as an attributive indicator of anatase TiO2 [10] . CDT could maintain anatase crystalline structure at 500℃, and no other crystal phases were observed.…”

“…Doping with impurities has been widely used to modify the properties of TiO2 by introducing new states in its electronic structure [6,7] . Because of the unique 4f electron configuration, lanthanide metal ions are ideal dopants to modify the electronic structure of TiO2 [8][9][10] . For example, cerium element doping could introduce new energy level into band gap of nano TiO2, making it possible for light with a wavelength over 400 nm (generally named visible light) enough to excite electron jumping to conduct band from valence band [10] .…”

“…Because of the unique 4f electron configuration, lanthanide metal ions are ideal dopants to modify the electronic structure of TiO2 [8][9][10] . For example, cerium element doping could introduce new energy level into band gap of nano TiO2, making it possible for light with a wavelength over 400 nm (generally named visible light) enough to excite electron jumping to conduct band from valence band [10] . As hole and electron separate successfully on the surface of nanoparticles, they could react with absorbed water or other adsorbates to produce reactive oxygen specimens such as OH• and H2O2 [6] .…”

Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Ce(IV) Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles in Human Hepatocyte Cell Line L02

“…Anatase TiO 2 has a wide band gap about 3.2 eV, and doping with impurities has been widely used to modify the photocatalysis of TiO 2 by introduction of new states in its electronic structure [17,18]. In particular, for the unique 4f electron configuration, lanthanide metal ions are ideal dopants to promote a higher producing rate of reactive electron/hole pairs [19][20][21]. But as a kind of engineering application nanoparticle, the cell cytotoxicity of lanthanide ion doped nano-TiO 2 should be evaluated.…”