It aimed to receive contributions about applications of soil physics and how they increase our understanding of agricultural production, water resources, and waste management.The conference took place in South Africa, and the focus on African scenarios was considered as reflected in some of the nine papers published in this special section. In fact, three of the publications (Hendrickx et al., 2023;Kibirige et al., 2023;Smit et al., 2023) describe modeling and measurement efforts in catchments in South Africa. The paper by Bouma (2023), a keynote speaker at the conference, also partly focuses on the African reality.Catchment hydrology and hydropedology are the specific focus of three of the papers published in this section. Smit et al. ( 2023) analyze how hydropedological information can be used to improve the understanding and modeling of hydrological processes at the catchment scale. Kibirige et al. (2023) paper compares water content predictions using parametric and machine learning-based methods. Bouma (2023) deals with pedology and soil physics in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, policymaking, and low-cost methods applicable by stakeholders.Two papers deal with the modeling of specific processes in the hydrological cycle. Vanderborght et al. ( 2023) describe a process-based root water uptake model applicable in hydrological modeling frameworks and improving the prediction of transpiration, while Carvalho et al. ( 2023) developed the modeling approach of vapor transport through crop residues to improve the prediction of evaporation.Uncertainty in modeling and measuring vadose zone hydrological processes is focused on in Hendrickx et al. (2023), who examine spatial soil moisture variability, its temporal covariance, and how it can be predicted by water retention parameters and field measurements of water content. De Jong van Lier et al. ( 2023) stochastically test the sensitivity of the output of a hydrological model to uncertainty in soil hydraulic property inputs.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.