Stochastic-Deterministic Thermal Dosimetry Below 6 GHz for 5G Mobile Communication Systems

Šušnjara, Anna; Dodig, Hrvoje; Poljak, Dragan; Cvetković, Mario

doi:10.1109/temc.2021.3098431

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This work is on the use of a state-of-the-art electromagnetic model [9,10], whose output from the two geometrically simplified human head models is subsequently used as input to the thermal dosimetry model. The utilized head models include the homogeneous and the non-homogeneous spherical one, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On some computational aspects for electromagnetic-thermal dosimetry of mm waves

Cvetkovic,

Dodig,

Poljak

2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work is on the use of a state-of-the-art hybrid boundary element method/finite element method (BEM/FEM) for electromagnetic (EM) dosimetry and the coupled thermal dosimetry model based on the Pennes’ heat transfer equation (PHE) for biological tissue solved by means of FEM. The distribution of the induced electric field obtained in both homogeneous and non-homogeneous human head models using EM model is used as a distributed heat source in the piecewise homogeneous human head thermal dosimetry model. As the penetration depth is inversely proportional to the frequency of incident EM wave, we consider the heating depth in several human head models, to illuminate whether homogeneous models in the EM part of the model are pertinent in the thermal dosimetry part. If confirmed, the results could be found useful in standardisation efforts related to the assessment of human exposure to EM fields in the high frequency range.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On some computational aspects for electromagnetic-thermal dosimetry of mm waves

Cvetkovic,

Dodig,

Poljak

2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…the induced electric field. The resulting temperature rise [5], [6] in the exposed human body can be determined using the subsequent thermal dosimetry model using the calculated SAR or APD as inputs [7], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The excessive time requirements of numerical full-wave techniques is recognised even when considering the accuracy of telecommunication channel modeling [15]. However, the restriction on the matrix size could be somewhat curtailed by employing the hybrid method such as boundary element method/finite element method (BEM/FEM), which has previously been used in the human exposure HF assessment [8]. This work is on the use of a hybrid BEM/FEM to determine the induced electric field in the several human head models irradiated by high-frequency EMF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Determining the Envelope of Induced Electric Field on a Simple Human Head Model by Peaks Detection

Cvetković,

Dodig,

Poljak

2024

JCOMSS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper is on the use of a hybrid boundary element method/finite element method (BEM/FEM) to determine the induced electric field in spherical human head models exposed to high-frequency plane electromagnetic (EM) wave. The geometrically simplified models include the homogeneous one and the non-homogeneous one, featuring compartments such as skin, skull, CSF, and brain. Both models are illuminated by plane EM wave at frequencies including 900 and 1800 MHz, 3500 MHz pertaining to 5G communication systems and also 6000 MHz representing the transition frequency related to the EMF safety standards. The numerical results for the electric field induced in both human head models are presented, while the emphasis is on the electric field along the propagation axis. The novelty of this work is related to the subsequent post-processing of the sampled induced field along the model axis by using two different numerical filtering techniques. It is shown that using the peak detection algorithm, the spline interpolation could be used to estimate the signal envelope. The exponentially decaying nature of the envelope allows to assess the penetration depth of the EM radiation within the biological tissue. Moreover, it is shown that the analytically calculated penetration depth, derived for the unbounded medium, is well reproduced by the numerical computation of EM field.

show abstract

“…Since purely stochastic modelling is either time consuming or impossible to obtain, the hybrid approach in terms of stochastic-deterministic modelling in HF dosimetry has been readily used for a decade [13]. Many examples of stochastic-deterministic modelling in internal EM and thermal dosimetry can be found in, e.g., [11,[14][15][16][17]. However, extensive stochastic dosimetry of incident fields, i.e., the radiated fields, is still scarce in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic-Deterministic Assessment of Electric Field Radiated by Base Station Antenna above a Two-Layered Ground

Galić¹,

Šušnjara

Poljak

2022

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The paper deals with stochastic-deterministic modelling of radiated electric field by base station antennas (BSAs) operating in GSM frequency range. Within the framework of deterministic analysis, the total electric field above a two-layered lossy ground is obtained by considering the incident and reflected ray in the far field zone. The influence of nonhomogeneous lower medium is taken into account via two approaches: Fresnel plane wave reflection coefficient (FRM) and simplified reflection coefficient stemming from Modified Image Theory (MIT). Antenna height, relative conductivity, and permittivity of each ground layer, as well as the thickness of the upper ground layer, are considered as input parameters with inherent uncertainty. To quantify the uncertainty of output electric field, deterministic models are treated as black boxes by two stochastic methods, Monte Carlo (MC) and Stochastic Collocation (SC), respectively. Stochastic mean and standard deviation of the output are computed, and sensitivity analysis is carried out in order to analyze the impact of input parameters’ variations on the resulting electric field variance. The presented results expose weakness and strength of the two stochastic methods, particularly identifying the cases when the preferred SC method fails to converge. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis reveals that despite the smallest variation around its respective average value, the antenna height has the highest impact on the output variance at observation points in the vicinity of the antenna. However, as the distance from the antenna increases, the 1st layer depth and its relative electric permittivity become the most significant parameters.

show abstract

Stochastic-Deterministic Thermal Dosimetry Below 6 GHz for 5G Mobile Communication Systems

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

On some computational aspects for electromagnetic-thermal dosimetry of mm waves

On some computational aspects for electromagnetic-thermal dosimetry of mm waves

A Method for Determining the Envelope of Induced Electric Field on a Simple Human Head Model by Peaks Detection

Stochastic-Deterministic Assessment of Electric Field Radiated by Base Station Antenna above a Two-Layered Ground

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About